Women Flashcards
What are the themes to consider for women?
- Social
- Political
- Economic
What are the factors which helped/hindered women’s rights?
- Activism
- Presidents and Congress
- Supreme Court
- Opposition
What is activism in relation to women?
Women and key organisations.
How do Presidents and Congress in relation to women?
The president is often constrained by the views of
Congress. Responsible for passing laws and amendments to
the constitution. Limited impact for women.
How does the Supreme Court relate to women?
Cases are ruled on by the Supreme Court, known by the
judgement e.g. Roe vs. Wade. They reinforce the
constitution and laws.
Where did the opposition to women come from?
Ordinary people as well as groups e.g. Phyllis Schlafly.
What are the key turning points for women between 1865 and 1992?
- Civil War
- Gilded Age 1875-1895
- 19th Amendment
- World Wars
- 1960’s
- 1980’s
Why was the Civil War a turning points for women’s rights?
Allowed women to fulfil both household roles for a period
of time. Community focused and established themselves
as a civilising force. Involvement in abolition campaign.
Why was the Gilded Age a turning point for women’s rights?
Increased economic progress led to greater opportunities
for women in the service industries and clerical work.
However, very limited in union representation.
Why was the 19th Amendment a turning point for women’s rights?
Establishes the right to vote for all women over 21 yrs.
Why were the World Wars a turning point for women’s rights?
Economic opportunities proves women are capable of the
same work as men. Greater independence & money.
Why were the 1960’s a key turning point for women’s rights?
Feminist movement established.
Why were the 1980’s a key turning point for women’s rights?
Higher levels of education and more female entrepreneurs.
When were the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) established?
1869
When were the Women’s Christian Temperance Union founded?
1874
When did the NWSA and the AWSA merge to make the NAWSA?
1890
When did Margaret Sangers open the first US birth control clinic?
1917
When was the 19th Amendment passed?
1920
When did Francis Perkins become the first woman in presidential cabinet?
1933
When did America enter WW2?
1941
When did the number of men and women voting become equal?
1957
When was the Equal Pay Act passed?
1963
When was the National Organisation for Women (NOW) founded?
1966
When was the Equal Rights Amendment passed by Congress?
1972
When was the Roe vs Wade debate?
1973
When did Geraldine Ferraro become the first woman to be the vice-president of the Democratic Party?
1984
Why was Susan Anthony important for women’s rights?
Led abolitionist movement and president of
Freedman’s Savings Bank.
Why was Sojourner Truth important for women’s rights?
African American abolition campaigner and ex-slave.
Why was Lucretia Mott important for women’s rights?
Quaker teacher and abolitionist, organised Seneca
Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments.
Why was Elizabeth Cady Stanton important for women’s rights?
Worked with Mott & Anthony to set up NWSA and
Seneca Falls Convention.
Why was Elizabeth Lease important for women’s rights?
Opposed to big business and set up protests against
railways to protect farming. Member of Populist
Party.
Why was Lucy Stone important for women’s rights?
Abolitionist, urged equal pay and refused to pay
taxes due to lack of representation in govt.
Why was Alice Paul important for women’s rights?
Founded National Women’s Party in 1916 and pushed for ERA in the 1920s.
Why was Carrie Chapman Catt important for women’s rights?
Succeeded Anthony to head NAWSA and effective
in gaining state support for suffrage, led to 19th
Amendment.
Why was Eleanor Roosevelt important for women’s rights?
Wife of FDR and avid supporter of women’s rights.
Why was Ella Baker important for women’s rights?
Member of NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, grass roots activist.
Why was Betty Friedan important for women’s rights?
Wrote the ‘Feminine Mystique’ expressing middle class discontent.
Why was Margaret Sanger important for women’s rights?
Set up first birth control clinic in America in 1916.
Why was Phyllis Schlafly important for women’s rights?
Conservative journalist who spoke out against
feminism, abortion rights and ERA.
Why was Martha Griffiths important for women’s rights?
First female, Democrat Senator elected to Congress.
What did Woodrow Wilson do as president for women’s rights?
Supported the 19th Amendment
What did FDR do as president for women’s rights?
New Deal aimed at men those some benefits for
women.
What did Truman do as president for women’s rights?
Post-war encouraged to return to the home.
What did Eisenhower do as president for women’s rights?
Conservative views, little impact on women.
What did JFK do as president for women’s rights?
Commissioned a ‘Report on American Women’. But
limited action.
What did Lyndon Johnson do as president for women’s rights?
Supportive of reform and ‘Great Society’ ideas.
What did Richard Nixon do as president for women’s rights?
Affirmative action offered some benefits to women.
What did Ronald Reagan do as president for women’s rights?
Conservative in attitudes towards women and
prevented ERA being ratified.
What was the NWSA?
National Woman Suffrage Association, restricted
membership to women only.
What was the AWSA?
American Woman Suffrage Association, rival to NWSA
and admitted men.
What was the WCTU?
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Who were the Daughters of the American Revolution?
Patriotic party open to women who could prove their
ancestors played a role in achieving US independence.
Conservative organisation and non-militant.
Who were the National Women’s Party?
Founded by Lucy Burns and Alice Paul aimed to deliver
a Suffragette-style campaign. Silent protests and
hunger strikes.
Who were NOW?
National Organisation for Women founded in 1966 to bring legal cases of discrimination.
What did the 19th Amendment do for women’s rights?
Gave women over 21 years of age the vote
What was the Roe vs Wade debate?
It established the right to abortion as a result of Jane Roe presenting the issue to the Supreme Court
