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A Level History > Native Americans > Flashcards

Native Americans Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key themes to consider for Native Americans during the period 1865-1992?

A
  • Self determination
  • Cultural/Religious
  • Land
  • Social/Economic
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2
Q

What does self determination mean in relation to Native Americans?

A

The right to rule themselves according to their

customs.

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3
Q

What does culture and religion mean in relation to Native Americans?

A

The right to practice their own religion and dances.

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4
Q

What does land mean in relation to Native Americans?

A

Affecting access to tribal lands and traditional life.

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5
Q

What does social and economic mean in relation to Native Americans?

A

Relating to education, living conditions and

employment.

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6
Q

What are the factors that helped/hindered Native American Rights?

A
  • Activism
  • Presidents
  • Supreme Court
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7
Q

What did activism mean for Native American Rights?

A

Native Americans and non-NA organisations.

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8
Q

What did Presidents mean for Native American Rights?

A

Responsible for passing laws and amendments to the

constitution.

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9
Q

What did the Supreme Court mean for Native American Rights?

A

Cases are ruled on by the Supreme Court, known by the judgement e.g. Oneida vs. Oneida . They reinforce the
constitution and laws.

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10
Q

What were the 5 Five Civilised Tribes not included in the Dawes Act?

A
  • Cherokee
  • Chickasaw
  • Choctaw
  • Creek
  • Seminole
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11
Q

What were the key turning points for Native American civil rights?

A
  • Dawes Act
  • Citizenship Act
  • Wheeler-Howard Act
  • Termination Policy
  • Red Power
  • 1970’s
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12
Q

Why was the Dawes Act a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

Policy which divided up NA land. Granted

citizenship to the male head of the household.

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13
Q

Why was the Citizenship Act a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

Gave citizenship to all Native Americans.

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14
Q

Why was the Wheeler-Howard Act a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

Also called, Indian Reorganisation Act, first step towards

preserving culture and prevented further sale of land.

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15
Q

Why was the Termination Policy a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

Aggressive approach to assimilation, NA treated as self-

supporting Americans and were no longer ‘wards’.

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16
Q

Why was the Red Power movement a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

AIM established and increasing violence to demand rights from NA’s themselves.

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17
Q

Why were the 1970’s a key turning point for Native Americans?

A

Government becomes more conciliatory under Nixon. Education and self-determination reform.

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18
Q

When were the Plains Wars?

A

1862

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19
Q

When was the Battle of the Little Bighorn and defeat of Custer?

A

1876

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20
Q

When was the Dawes Act?

A

1887

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21
Q

When was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

A

1890

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22
Q

When was the Curtis Act?

A

1898

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23
Q

When was the Muskogee Convention established?

A

1905

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24
Q

When was the Society of American Indians established?

A

1911

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25
Q

When was the India Citizenship Act?

A

1924

26
Q

When was the Wheeler-Howard Act?

A

1934

27
Q

When was the National Congress of American Indians established?

A

1944

28
Q

When was the Policy of Termination introduced?

A

1953

29
Q

When was the American Indian Movement established?

A

1968

30
Q

When was the Siege of Alcatraz?

A

1969

31
Q

When was Oneida vs Oneida and Madison Counties?

A

1974

32
Q

When was the Indian Self-Determination Act?

A

1975

33
Q

When was the Native American Graves Protection Act?

A

1990

34
Q

Who was General Custer?

A

American general defeated at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

35
Q

Who was John Collier?

A

Commissioner of Indian Affairs involved in Wheeler-Howard Act.

36
Q

Who were the Oneida Tribe?

A

Native American tribe who sued for the return of land.

37
Q

Who was Richard Oakes?

A

Aim campaigner who led siege of Alcatraz.

38
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln do for Native Americans?

A

Supported extermination policy.

39
Q

What did Grover Cleveland do for Native Americans?

A

Signed the Dawes Act.

40
Q

What did FDR do for Native Americans?

A

Introduced reform to restore culture.

41
Q

What did Truman do for Native Americans?

A

Wanted to speed up assimilation/termination.

42
Q

What did JFK and Lyndon B. Johnson do for Native Americans?

A

Acknowledged wrongs but did little to address the problems.

43
Q

What did Richard Nixon do for Native Americans?

A

Introduces Affirmative Action as well as education

reform.

44
Q

What did Gerald Ford do for Native Americans?

A

Continued work of Nixon and introduced self- determination reform.

45
Q

What did Jimmy Carter do for Native Americans?

A

Introduced acts to protect culture and religion following on from Ford.

46
Q

What were the Plains Wars?

A

Series of wars between Native Americans and the United States between the 1950’s and 1970’s.

47
Q

What was the Battle of Little Bighorn?

A

Most significant win for Native Americans and the biggest defeat for the US Army during the Plains Wars.

48
Q

What was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

A

A massacre in 1890 that left some 15 Native Americans dead, in what was the final clash between federal troops and the Sioux.

49
Q

What was the Curtis Act?

A

Broke up communal land of the Five Civilised Tribes.

50
Q

What was the Muskogee Convention?

A

An Indian-led attempt to secure separate statehood for Indian Territory.

51
Q

What was the Society of American Indians?

A

Society of American Indians set up in 1911. Supported legal challenges but lack support and coherence.

52
Q

What was the National Congress of American Indians?

A

National Congress of American Indians set up in 1944.
Responded to termination policy, first mass-supported
organisation and established legal challenges but too
‘Americanised’.

53
Q

What was the American Indian Movement?

A

American Indian Movement set up in 1968. Militant
organisation led by young NA’s to protest against discrimination. Gained national attention and
publicity.

54
Q

What was the Siege of Alcatraz?

A

A nineteen month long protest, when 89 American Indians and their supporters occupied Alcatraz Island. This group lived on the island together until the protest was forcibly ended by the U.S. government.

55
Q

What was Oneida vs Oneida and Madison Counties?

A

A landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning aboriginal title in the United States. It was the first Indian land claim case won.

56
Q

What was the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act?

A

Allowed for maximal Indian participation within the government and the education of the Indian people.

57
Q

What was the Native American Graves Protection Act?

A

Established the ownership of cultural items excavated or discovered on federal or tribal land

58
Q

What was the Meriam Report?

A

Produced by a group of anthropologists to inform the govt. on NA rights. Not supported by NA’s.

59
Q

What was the AIDA?

A

American Indian Defence Association set up in 1923.
Lacked support from NA’s but successfully challenged
the Leavitt Bill.

60
Q

What was the NIYC?

A

National Indian Youth Council set up in 1961. Educated organisation which focused on fishing rights and voting rights. Gained useful publicity.

61
Q

What was the NARF?

A

Native American Rights Fund set up in 1970. Focused
on recovery of land and cultural rights. Pushed cases
to the Supreme Court and was successful in winning judgements.

62
Q

What was the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

A

Previously known as the Office of Indian Affairs until 1947. Controlled the money for the development of Native Americans and responsible for their education
and reservations.

A Level History (19 decks)

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