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WW1 > Women > Flashcards

Women Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the philosophy that men and women should occupy different areas of employment?

A

separate spheres philosophy

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2
Q

Example of how men resented women becoming increasingly employed throughout war

A

male dockers in Liverpool preventing women being employed

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3
Q

Number of women in paid employment in 1914

A

5.9million

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4
Q

Main occupation within paid employment for women in 1914

A

domestic service

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5
Q

Number of women in paid employment 1918

A

7.35million

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6
Q

% increase in women in paid employment 1914-18

A

22.5%

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7
Q

How many women were working for the first time during war?

A

1.5million

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8
Q

When did the WSPU organise a march to demand the right for women to be allowed to serve their country?

A

July 1915, London

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9
Q

Increase in number of women employed in transport?

A

544%

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10
Q

Number of women working in transport by end of war

A

117,200

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11
Q

Example of occupation women took over within transport

A

ticket collectors, tram drivers

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12
Q

In 1916 what transport company began training 500 women a month

A

London Omnibus Company

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13
Q

How many women was the London Omnibus Company training monthly by 1916

A

500

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14
Q

Increase in number of women in administration and civil service

A

1,750%

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15
Q

By end of war what % of munitions were produced by women?

A

80%

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16
Q

What industry had the greatest gender gap in pay, what % was this?

A

munitions

around 50%

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17
Q

term for those who worked in munitions factories due to yellow colouring from chemicals

A

Canaries

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18
Q

Increase in number of women employed in munitions factories 1914-18

A

X10

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19
Q

Number of women working in munitions factories 1914

A

90,000

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20
Q

Number of women working in munitions factories 1918

A

947,000

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21
Q

When was the Women’s Land Army set up

A

1915

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22
Q

How many trained nurses in War office in 1914

A

only 700

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23
Q

number of trained nurses in war office in 1918

A

23,000

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24
Q

What proportion of the VAD (voluntary aid detachment) were female

A

2/3

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25
FANY (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry) was set up when
1907
26
When was the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps set up
1917
27
How many women were part of the WAAC throughout war?
57,000
28
What jobs did women of the WAAC occupy?
clerks, cooks, mainly administrative
29
How many women were members of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS)
6,000
30
When was the WRNS set up
1917
31
What were members of the WRNS not allowed to do
serve at sea
32
How was the WRNS advertised to promote membership?
"Free a man for sea service"
33
From what year did the Royal Flying Corps have an all female flying company
1917
34
What were women who joined the WRAF trained in
take over role of home-based mechanics / engineers in order to free men in starred occupations for service
35
How many did the WRAF train
2,000 women in 40 trades
36
Skills the WRAF taught women included....
parachute packing, radio operators, flight mechanics
37
Fawcett (president of the NUWSS) comment on what the war did for the position of women
"the war revolutionised the industrial position of women"
38
Why were women not as welcomed into unions
men felt they were competition for jobs felt it may threaten their pay
39
How were women's finances post-war?
financially better off than pre-war despite their wages being less than their male counterparts
40
Comment on the increase in women in full employment
not that drastic an increase many transferred from other employment
41
What was the rate of employment of women 2yrs post-war compared to pre-war
fewer in paid employment
42
When did the number of women in the workplace once again reach war time levels?
only by 1939
43
Reduction in domestic servants by 1918
400,000
44
How many women had replaced male workers in employment? meaning their employment was not fully secure
1 in 3
45
Name a union which refused to represent women
Lancashire Cotton Spinners
46
Which governments demands brought improvements to womens pay
Labour
47
What improvements were there in women's pay in 1918
labour demanded women earn over £2 weekly when in munitions factories
48
Number of women elected into parliament in 1918
1
49
What 1918 act allowed 8.5million women to vote
Representation of the People's Act
50
Conditions to be allowed to vote as a woman from 1918
- over 30 | - land access
51
What proportion of the female population could vote from 1918 and what proportion of men?
just under 1/3 of women and 1/2 of men
52
What act tackled gender bias in employment in 1919?
Sex Disqualification Act
53
When was the Sex Disqualification Act introduced that made it illegal to exclude women from jobs due to gender?
1919
54
What act undermined the significance of the Sex Disqualification Act?
Restoration of Pre-War Practices Act (1919)
55
When was the Restoration of Pre-War Practices Act introduced?
1919
56
What cultural differences were there for women post-war?
popularity of 'bob' cut trousers become common
57
Which prominent politician changed his attitudes to women?
Asquith
58
What was Asquith's original opinion of women and the vote?
blocked attempts to give women the vote when PM
59
How did Asquith's opinion of women change during war?
acknowledged that there would be a "new order" post-war questioned how the war could have carried on without women
60
proportion of women who entered the labour force during war who had given up their jobs by 1920
2/3
61
What was notable about females entering the medical profession post-war?
hospitals that had accepted women as medical students began to turn them away
62
In 1921 what resolution did female civil servants pass that undermined the role of married women?
resolution against married women working alongside them
63
When did female civil servants pass a resolution against having married women working alongside them?
1921
64
X2 reasons for decline in domestic servants
a) women had access to other, better paid, more respected forms of employment b) upper class couldn't afford servants due to taxation increases
65
What month in 1918 did women's suffrage for over 30s get passed?
October
66
Who was the 1st elected female MP
Lady Astor (conservative)
67
How many women faced unmarried life?
1 in 6
68
What changes to suffrage came about in 1928?
universal suffrage for all over 21
69
How were some of the VAD nurses awarded?
via military medals
70
How many women received military medals?
130
71
Representation of the People Act 1918 expanded overall electorate by what
from 8 million to 21 million
72
What was included in the Assault against alcohol which showed social repression of women?
even greater restrictions on when alcohol can be bought
73
When did the London Omnibus Company begin to employ women?
only by 1916
74
Which association showed great hostility towards women - saying it would be 'unwise' to employ them?
Amalgamated Association of Tram and Vehicle Workers
75
How many women helped bring in 1918 harvest?
only 16,000 not all WLA members

WW1 (15 decks)

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