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WW1 > British Public Attitudes to Conflict > Flashcards

British Public Attitudes to Conflict Flashcards

1
Q

Initial enthusiasm as the war was predicted to be short - what common phrase was used

A

“war over by Christmas”

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2
Q

Why did the war receive more public support than the Boer war had?

A

German was a geographically close enemy

unlike X2 independent Boer republics

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3
Q

Political support for war was strong - which party had opposed the BW which supported this war

A

Irish National Party

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4
Q

Womens Suffrage movements supported war, this was seen through what X3 actions

A
  1. suspend all activity until war ceases
  2. encourage young men to volunteer
  3. The Suffragette (paper) replaced w patriotic paper Britannia
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5
Q

Who did the Britannia paper criticise

A

Liberals - thought they were being soft on Germany

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6
Q

Trade Unions support or oppose war

A

mainly support

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7
Q

How did trade unions show their support for war

A

offered no-strike agreements

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8
Q

Lord Northcliffe pro or anti war? What did he influence?

A

pro war

influence press as owned Times and Daily Mail

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9
Q

Whose letter did the Times refuse to publish which criticised the war?

A

Lord Lansdowne’s

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10
Q

What did Lord Lansdowne’s letter do?

A

said the war was causing “human suffering” and was spelling “ruin to the civilised world”

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11
Q

Evidence of support for war seen also though (X4)

A
  • noisy crowds demonstrating
  • lack of substantial anti-war campaigns
  • rise of anti-german sentiment
  • pro-war songs and poetry
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12
Q

derogatory name for Germans coined during war

A

“hun”

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13
Q

How was Lord Lansdowne’s call for negotiated peace in 1916 responded too

A

little support

shows scale of support for war

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14
Q

when did Lord Lansdowne propose a negotiated peace

A

1916

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15
Q

who suggested that families of the dead see cause as a sacrifice not a slaughter

A

Todman (historian)

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16
Q

according to Todman families of the dead didn’t see war as a ‘slaughter’ but a..

A

sacrifice

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17
Q

Who song become regular at public entertainment and events which showed pro-war stance

A

God save the King

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18
Q

what type of cartoons showed support for the war?

A

conscientious objectors seen as weak, selfish and effeminate

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19
Q

Which Party leader was a pacifist and so opposed war

A

James MacDonald of the Labour Party

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20
Q

What happened to James MacDonald after Labour decided to support war?

A

forced to resign

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21
Q

Who was James MacDonald?

A

Labour party leader who was a pacifist, who was forced to resign after Labour began supporting war

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22
Q

What was the name of the Independent Labour Journal

A

Labour Elector

23
Q

Who was the editor of the Independent Labour Journal

A

Brockway

24
Q

Who was Brockway?

A

editor of the Independent Labour Journal

arrested for refusing to fight in the armed services

25
Q

Which Irish party opposed war?

A

Irish National Brotherhood

wanted German cooperation to distance themselves from British

26
Q

Which British party with only 6,500 members opposed war

A

British Socialist Party

27
Q

Which party saw their newspapers publication decline, which shows support for war?

A

British socialist party

since they opposed war

28
Q

Some Independent Labour Party members opposed war, name one

A

Kier Hardie

29
Q

Who was arrested for leading a munitions workers strike in Glasgow in 1917

A

Kirkwood

30
Q

Who was Kirkwood

A

ILP member
opposed war
led munitions workers strike in Glasgow (1917)

31
Q

How many conscientious objectors were there

A

16,500

32
Q

What did the No Conscription Fellowship membership peak at

A

5,500

33
Q

When did the No Conscription Fellowship membership peak

A

1917

34
Q

When was the No Conscription Fellowship formed

A

December 1914

35
Q

Some intelligentsia opposed war, name one

A

the philosopher Russell

36
Q

Who was imprisoned for 6months for publishing seditious material

A

Russell

37
Q

Sassoon originally had what opinion of war, and then converted

A

Positive and enthusiastic

later saw it as “evil and unjust” with “political errors”

38
Q

How many times was a negotiated called for in the House of Commons?

A

X3

39
Q

Where was Lord Lansdowne’s letter eventually published?

A

Daily Telegraph

40
Q

In 1918 how many working days were lost via strike action

A

5.9 million

41
Q

What was the main cause of strike action seen to be?

A

economic issues

not directly about war involvement

42
Q

Number of strikes in comparison to pre-war

A

substantially below pre-war level

43
Q

What did the government set up in response to more industrial stoppages

A

Commission of Inquiry into Industrial Unrest

44
Q

What did the Commission of Inquiry into Industrial Unrest find was the main cause of industrial strikes?

A

High food prices

as opposed to war

45
Q

One of the causes of high food prices

A

German U-Boat campaign from 1916 affecting British imports

46
Q

Which class benefitted most from war

A 
working class
regularity of work + higher wages
47
Q

Which class lost most from war

A

middle / upper

paid higher taxes + had to live w out certain luxuries

48
Q

Where was the only place revolutionary defeatism was a large threat?

A

Glasgow

49
Q

What was significant about Glasgow during German’s 1918 Spring Offensive?

A

industrial action suspended

surge of patriotism to replace lost materiel

50
Q

Left-wing activism seen during war by shop stewards - where and how many met in 1917

A

1,100 socialists meet in Leeds to protest

51
Q

The renaming of German roads was an act of Germanophobia, give an example

A

Mecklenburg

52
Q

How many attended a “Peace Demonstration” in Glasgow 1914 organised by the ILP?

A

5,000

53
Q

Growth of ILP members 1914-1919?

A

3,000 to 10,000

WW1 (15 decks)

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