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WW1 > Medical Developments > Flashcards

Medical Developments Flashcards

1
Q

What was notable about the number who died from wounds compared to disease

A

1st war where more died in battle than from disease

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2
Q

Who was the medical services run by in WW1?

A

Royal Army medical Corps

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3
Q

How many amputations in WW1

A

41,000

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4
Q

At end of boer war how many beds were available?

A

21,000

Not enough for 1day of fighting in WW1

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5
Q

How many army doctors available 1914?

A

1,000

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6
Q

What % of all British doctors had signed up by summer 1915?

A

25%

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7
Q

By when had 25% of all British doctors signed up?

A

summer 1915

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8
Q

How many British doctors signed up to army by 1918

A

11,000

1/2 of the total number available in Britain

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9
Q

How many more British doctors in 1918 than 1914

A

10,000

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10
Q

Nurse number increase 1914-1918

A

15,000

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11
Q

Number of nurses by 1918

A

23,000

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12
Q

What organisation supplemented the number of nurses?

A

VAD

voluntary aid detachment

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13
Q

What class was the VAD mainly from and why?

A

Upper / middle

unpaid

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14
Q

What was trench fever caused by

A

lice

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15
Q

What disease was often a measure of a units efficiency?

A

Trench foot

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16
Q

What were men ordered to carry to prevent trench foot

A

dry clean socks

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17
Q

what was a major cause of trench foot?

A

heavily manured soils of France

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18
Q

What was the first stop for an injured Britain?

A

Regimental Aid Post

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19
Q

Who was the RAP attended by?

A

Battalion Medical officer

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20
Q

Who was a wounded passed on to after basic first aid at RAP

A

Advanced Dressing Salon (ADS)

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21
Q

How were men transported from RAP to ADS

A

wheeled stretches / trolley lines

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22
Q

What was constructed trench wise to decrease time needed to transport wounded

A

communication trenches for casualty removal

= avoids congestion

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23
Q

What was established for stretcher bearers from 1916?

A

relay posts every 1000 yards

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24
Q

What stage came after the ADS

A

Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS)

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25
Q

Where were CCS’s usually located?

A

few miles behind lines

on a railway line

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26
Q

What stage of medical process was triage (prioritisation method) introduced?

A

CCS

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27
Q

How many could CCS hold per time?

A

1,000

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28
Q

How many cases in rotation could typical CCS hold?

A

15-300

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29
Q

How many CCS’s were provided for each division?

A

one

30
Q

Where was a wounded evacuated to from a CCS?

A

Base Hospital

31
Q

In 1914 how many ambulance trains were there

A

4

32
Q

in 1916 how many ambulance trains were there

A

28

33
Q

In quiet periods how quickly could a wounded be transferred to base hospital?

A

24hours

34
Q

How many staff did base hospitals typically have?

A

300

35
Q

How many patients could base hospitals deal with at once?

A

2,500

36
Q

What was the most common disease?

A

Venereal 18%

37
Q

What was the 2nd most common disease?

A

Trench foot (12.5%)

38
Q

Inoculation against what disease was still in its infancy in 1915?

A

Typhoid

39
Q

What form of head protection was introduced in 1915 to standard kit?

A

Brodie Helmet

40
Q

When was the Brodie Helmet introduced as standard kit?

A

1915

41
Q

What % of injuries were recorded to the torso? What does this show?

A

12%

suggests limitations in this area of treatment as most didn’t make it to hospital for injuries to be recorded

42
Q

When was the 1st blood bank on western front established?

A

1917

43
Q

Who was the innovator of the blood bank?

A

US Army doctor (captain robertson)

44
Q

How long could blood be kept on ice? Where was it sent?

A

28 days

CCS’s

45
Q

What development was there in wound shock treatment?

A

use of saline

still used today

46
Q

When was the Thomas Splint introduced?

A

1916

47
Q

What did the Thomas Splint do?

A

secures broken legs

48
Q

in beginning of war what % of soldiers died when they had a broken femur?

A

80%

49
Q

by 1916 of war how many survived w a broken femur?

A

80%

50
Q

Who was appointed consultant physician to army in 1914?

A

Wright

51
Q

What did Wright do in France?

A

set up research laboratory into gunshot wound infections, gas gangrene and shock

52
Q

Once wounded men were in chain of evacuation what % died?

A

7.6% only

less than in Boer war

53
Q

In 1914 how many x=ray machines were available?

A

1

54
Q

in 1916 how many x-ray machines were available?

A

6

55
Q

How many died who contracted tetanus infections at beginning of war?

A

over 30%

56
Q

What number was deaths due to tetanus infection reduced to by end of war

A

0%

57
Q

What % of those with gangrene died in 1914

A

44%

58
Q

What type of improvements were made in treatment of gas gangrene

A

Debridement

59
Q

Death rate of those who got gas gangrene in 1918

A

1%

60
Q

Name of surgeon who worked w BEF and made advances in brain surgery / head wounds

A

Cushing

61
Q

What improvements did Cushing make as a surgeon

A

to brain surgery and head wounds

62
Q

Who developed skin-grafting techniques and founded modern plastic surgery

A

Gillies

63
Q

What did Gillies do?

A

skin-grafting techniques and founded modern plastic surgery

64
Q

When was a neurologist report published into shell shock?

A

Jan 1915

65
Q

What was a limitation of identifying shell shock?

A

Commanders had no way of telling between trauma and malingering

66
Q

How many British cases of trauma recognised?

A

80,000

67
Q

When was a large increases in trauma offences

A

after Somme Offensive

68
Q

What was set up after the Somme offensive to deal w trauma?

A

set up of psychiatric centres in every army area across France

69
Q

Which doctor and where was he located worked intensively on trauma

A

Dr. Rivers

Military Hospital Edinburgh

70
Q

When was moss approved as a dressing by the War Office?

A

1916

71
Q

How many facial reconstructive surgeries 1917-25?

A

11,000

72
Q

What did Gillies treatment centre also provide? Give examples

A

sensitive rehabilitation

retraining in cinema projection / business studies

WW1 (15 decks)

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