Medical Developments

Question 1

What was notable about the number who died from wounds compared to disease

Answer 1

1st war where more died in battle than from disease

Question 2

Who was the medical services run by in WW1?

Answer 2

Royal Army medical Corps

Question 3

How many amputations in WW1

Answer 3

41,000

Question 4

At end of boer war how many beds were available?

Answer 4

21,000

Not enough for 1day of fighting in WW1

Question 5

How many army doctors available 1914?

Answer 5

1,000

Question 6

What % of all British doctors had signed up by summer 1915?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

By when had 25% of all British doctors signed up?

Answer 7

summer 1915

Question 8

How many British doctors signed up to army by 1918

Answer 8

11,000

1/2 of the total number available in Britain

Question 9

How many more British doctors in 1918 than 1914

Answer 9

10,000

Question 10

Nurse number increase 1914-1918

Answer 10

15,000

Question 11

Number of nurses by 1918

Answer 11

23,000

Question 12

What organisation supplemented the number of nurses?

Answer 12

VAD

voluntary aid detachment

Question 13

What class was the VAD mainly from and why?

Answer 13

Upper / middle

unpaid

Question 14

What was trench fever caused by

Answer 14

lice

Question 15

What disease was often a measure of a units efficiency?

Answer 15

Trench foot

Question 16

What were men ordered to carry to prevent trench foot

Answer 16

dry clean socks

Question 17

what was a major cause of trench foot?

Answer 17

heavily manured soils of France

Question 18

What was the first stop for an injured Britain?

Answer 18

Regimental Aid Post

Question 19

Who was the RAP attended by?

Answer 19

Battalion Medical officer

Question 20

Who was a wounded passed on to after basic first aid at RAP

Answer 20

Advanced Dressing Salon (ADS)

Question 21

How were men transported from RAP to ADS

Answer 21

wheeled stretches / trolley lines

Question 22

What was constructed trench wise to decrease time needed to transport wounded

Answer 22

communication trenches for casualty removal

= avoids congestion

Question 23

What was established for stretcher bearers from 1916?

Answer 23

relay posts every 1000 yards

Question 24

What stage came after the ADS

Answer 24

Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS)

Question 25

Where were CCS's usually located?

Answer 25

few miles behind lines on a railway line

Question 26

What stage of medical process was triage (prioritisation method) introduced?

Answer 26

CCS

Question 27

How many could CCS hold per time?

Answer 27

1,000

Question 28

How many cases in rotation could typical CCS hold?

Answer 28

15-300

Question 29

How many CCS's were provided for each division?

Answer 29

one

Question 30

Where was a wounded evacuated to from a CCS?

Answer 30

Base Hospital

Question 31

In 1914 how many ambulance trains were there

Answer 31

4

Question 32

in 1916 how many ambulance trains were there

Answer 32

28

Question 33

In quiet periods how quickly could a wounded be transferred to base hospital?

Answer 33

24hours

Question 34

How many staff did base hospitals typically have?

Answer 34

300

Question 35

How many patients could base hospitals deal with at once?

Answer 35

2,500

Question 36

What was the most common disease?

Answer 36

Venereal 18%

Question 37

What was the 2nd most common disease?

Answer 37

Trench foot (12.5%)

Question 38

Inoculation against what disease was still in its infancy in 1915?

Answer 38

Typhoid

Question 39

What form of head protection was introduced in 1915 to standard kit?

Answer 39

Brodie Helmet

Question 40

When was the Brodie Helmet introduced as standard kit?

Answer 40

1915

Question 41

What % of injuries were recorded to the torso? What does this show?

Answer 41

12% suggests limitations in this area of treatment as most didn't make it to hospital for injuries to be recorded

Question 42

When was the 1st blood bank on western front established?

Answer 42

1917

Question 43

Who was the innovator of the blood bank?

Answer 43

US Army doctor (captain robertson)

Question 44

How long could blood be kept on ice? Where was it sent?

Answer 44

28 days CCS's

Question 45

What development was there in wound shock treatment?

Answer 45

use of saline still used today

Question 46

When was the Thomas Splint introduced?

Answer 46

1916

Question 47

What did the Thomas Splint do?

Answer 47

secures broken legs

Question 48

in beginning of war what % of soldiers died when they had a broken femur?

Answer 48

80%

Question 49

by 1916 of war how many survived w a broken femur?

Answer 49

80%

Question 50

Who was appointed consultant physician to army in 1914?

Answer 50

Wright

Question 51

What did Wright do in France?

Answer 51

set up research laboratory into gunshot wound infections, gas gangrene and shock

Question 52

Once wounded men were in chain of evacuation what % died?

Answer 52

7.6% only less than in Boer war

Question 53

In 1914 how many x=ray machines were available?

Answer 53

1

Question 54

in 1916 how many x-ray machines were available?

Answer 54

6

Question 55

How many died who contracted tetanus infections at beginning of war?

Answer 55

over 30%

Question 56

What number was deaths due to tetanus infection reduced to by end of war

Answer 56

0%

Question 57

What % of those with gangrene died in 1914

Answer 57

44%

Question 58

What type of improvements were made in treatment of gas gangrene

Answer 58

Debridement

Question 59

Death rate of those who got gas gangrene in 1918

Answer 59

1%

Question 60

Name of surgeon who worked w BEF and made advances in brain surgery / head wounds

Answer 60

Cushing

Question 61

What improvements did Cushing make as a surgeon

Answer 61

to brain surgery and head wounds

Question 62

Who developed skin-grafting techniques and founded modern plastic surgery

Answer 62

Gillies

Question 63

What did Gillies do?

Answer 63

skin-grafting techniques and founded modern plastic surgery

Question 64

When was a neurologist report published into shell shock?

Answer 64

Jan 1915

Question 65

What was a limitation of identifying shell shock?

Answer 65

Commanders had no way of telling between trauma and malingering

Question 66

How many British cases of trauma recognised?

Answer 66

80,000

Question 67

When was a large increases in trauma offences

Answer 67

after Somme Offensive

Question 68

What was set up after the Somme offensive to deal w trauma?

Answer 68

set up of psychiatric centres in every army area across France

Question 69

Which doctor and where was he located worked intensively on trauma

Answer 69

Dr. Rivers Military Hospital Edinburgh

Question 70

When was moss approved as a dressing by the War Office?

Answer 70

1916

Question 71

How many facial reconstructive surgeries 1917-25?

Answer 71

11,000

Question 72

What did Gillies treatment centre also provide? Give examples

Answer 72

sensitive rehabilitation retraining in cinema projection / business studies