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WW1 > Propaganda & the Press > Flashcards

Propaganda & the Press Flashcards

1
Q

British War Propaganda Board formed under who in 1914

A

C. Masterman

Liberal MP

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2
Q

What was formed under liberal MP C.Masterman in 1914

A

British War Propaganda Board

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3
Q

How many recruitment posters

A

6million

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4
Q

Name of the Independent Labour Journal

A

Labour Elector

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5
Q

Who was editor of the Labour Elector

A

Brockway

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6
Q

what was Brockway’s opinion of war?

A

arrested for refusing to serve in the forces

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7
Q

pacifist philosopher imprisoned for 6months for publishing seditious material

A

Russell

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8
Q

Who was Russell?

A

pacifist philosopher imprisoned for publishing seditious material

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9
Q

Poet who changed from high in morale to being critical of errors of war

A

Sassoon

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10
Q

Man who published in the Telegraph calling for a negotiated settlement

A

Lord Lansdowne

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11
Q

Paper which previously refused to publish Lord Lansdowne’s letter calling for a negotiated settlement

A

The Times

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12
Q

Which paper did Lord Lansdowne publish his letter calling for a negotiated settlement in

A

Daily Telegraph

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13
Q

Which bodies gave propaganda greater effect by supporting the war effort?

A

WSPU

Church

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14
Q

German name for ‘terror measures’

A

Schrecklichkiet

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15
Q

X4 propaganda stories of German atrocities

A

sinking of Liner Lusitania

Edith Cavell execution

shelling of Scarborough

use of poisonous gas

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16
Q

When was the shelling of Scarborough

A

late 1914

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17
Q

Who was Edith Cavell

A

nurse and spy shot by German’s for helping British PoW’s escape

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18
Q

Times most gruesome and famous propaganda story (later found false)

A

use fat and oils of dead British and own soldiers as fodder for pigs

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19
Q

What was the status of the Propaganda Bureau under Masterman within parliament

A

few MPs knew of its existance

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20
Q

When was Department of Information set up

A

Feb 1917

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21
Q

proprietor of Daily Mail and Telegraph

A

Northcliffe

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22
Q

editor of daily chronicle

A

Donald

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23
Q

Daily express proprietor

A

Beaverbook

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24
Q

Manchester Guardian proprietor

A

Scott

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25
Q

X4 prominent members of the DOI advisory committee

A

Northcliffe
Donald
Beaverbrook
Scott

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26
Q

Leader of DOI

A

Buchan

formerly Montgomery

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27
Q

Where was the DOI based

A

Wellington House

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28
Q

X3 divisions of the DOI

A
  • cinema
  • political intelligence
  • news division
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29
Q

When was the Ministry of Information set up

A

1918

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30
Q

What was the MOI

A

reorganisation of the DOI

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31
Q

Who was the MOI first led by?

A

Beaverbrook

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32
Q

Who was Beaverbook?

A

Daily Express proprietor

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33
Q

Who was Northcliffe

A

Daily Mail / Times proprietor

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34
Q

Governments approach to propaganda in early years of war

A

laissez-faire

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35
Q

Parliamentary Recruiting Committee’s poster budget les than…

A

Rowntree Company’s budget for advertising pre-war

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36
Q

Ratio of recruitment posters to main political party posters during 1910 election

A

1:10

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37
Q

Non-government propaganda included the production of what toy 6 months after their usage in war

A

toy tanks

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38
Q

How many pro-British war films produced - name one

A

250

Battle of the Somme

39
Q

View of press on war

A

overwhelmingly support

40
Q

How did papers get censored?

A

Papers cooperate w government via self-censorship

41
Q

What was the main topic of headline in press in late 1914?

A

fate of Belgium

42
Q

Which organisation disclosed confidential info to 50 editors

A

Press Bureau

43
Q

What did the Press Bureau issue that provided guidance or warnings on how information could be used

A

‘D Notices’

44
Q

What was notable about the Press Bureau and the law?

A

didn’t have force of law behind them - yet editors complied

45
Q

Who in the army was notoriously sceptical of the press? What did he do initially?

A

Kitchener

only allowed a member of the army to write reports

46
Q

Which paper was a leader in campaigns which appealed for greater press access to the front?

A

Daily Mail

47
Q

After campaigns such as in the daily mail how many approved correspondents were sent to join the BEF?

A

5

48
Q

When were 5 correspondents sent to join the BEF?

A

May 1915

49
Q

What were reports from war correspondents characterised by?

A
  • exaggerated ally successes
  • no overt lies
  • cooperated w military authorities - not objective reporting
50
Q

Who was a correspondent for the Times who had a personal friendship w Sir French?

A

Colonel Renington

51
Q

Which paper was Colonel Renington a correspondent for

A

The Times

52
Q

When were other correspondents allowed in to the front after the 5 approved?

A

September 1915

53
Q

First access close to front line for press came in what battle

A

Battle of Loos

54
Q

How many correspondents received knighthoods post-war

A

X5

55
Q

Name of correspondent who received knighthood who thought about refusing

A

Philip GIbbs

56
Q

Where did Phillip Gibbs write about how war should be remembered as a national agony?

A

in his memoirs

57
Q

Quote from Sassoon on the influence of propaganda?

A

“What was this camouflage which was manufactured?”

58
Q

What did both the provincial press and London press carry a list of

A

list of casualties

59
Q

Who was Townsend?

A

cartoonist from populist paper Punch

60
Q

Name a cartoonist for the populist publication Punch

A

Townsend

61
Q

What papers referred to Germans as ‘hun’

A

John Bull and Daily Mail

62
Q

The journal ‘John Bull’ was the work of what rabble-rouser

A

Bottomley

63
Q

How many copies did John Bull sell per issue

A

1-2million

64
Q

What did John Bull publication declare on German’s

A

blood-fued

65
Q

How was Bottomley’s popularity evident

A

a) popularity of his journal John Bull

b) elected as independent MP in 1916

66
Q

What did the Daily Mail promote the boycott of

A

restaurants employing German’s

67
Q

Which paper advocated boycott of restaurants employing German’s

A

Daily Mail

68
Q

Daily Mail quote on German’s

A

“once a German always a German”

69
Q

Who wrote the book “thirty nine steps”

A

John Buchan

70
Q

What did John Buchan’s thirty nine steps book suggest

A

Britain awash w spies

71
Q

Which was the largest selling paper

A

Daily Mail

72
Q

What paper was the ‘national voice’

A

Times

73
Q

Who ensured his papers did not criticise the Gallipoli campaign

A

Northcliffe

74
Q

How was the power and influence of editors shown

A

Northcliffe didn’t allow Daily Mail + Times to criticise Gallipoli campaign

75
Q

Who was appointed Director of Propaganda 1918

A

Northcliffe

76
Q

What propaganda tool did Northcliffe employ in Germany

A

balloons to inform Germany of news of Allied success - attempt to decrease their morale (little effect)

77
Q

Propaganda rumour of 1914

A

Angel of Mons

78
Q

What was the Angel of Mons rumour

A

British troops saw angelic figures when in retreat from Mons, who warded off attacks

79
Q

When war was declared how many spies did the British intelligence arrest immediately?

A

22

80
Q

How many further spies arrested during war by British intelligence?

A

14

81
Q

What was the trend when the public tried to find out who were spies

A

“Spy spotting”

82
Q

Why can in be suggested that propaganda had little effect?

A

some of highest morale and volunteer rates during beginning of war

83
Q

What did DORA stand for?

A

Defence of the Realm Act

84
Q

When was DORA introduced?

A

August 1914

85
Q

Why was DORA not often used

A

self-censorship and ‘D notices’ largely effective

86
Q

Which paper was banned for showing support for striking ship workers

A

Socialist paper “Forward”

87
Q

What were striking ship workers resisting, who were given support by the socialist paper forward?

A

Munitions of War Act (1915)

88
Q

What types of things were press not allowed to reference?

A
  • morale of troops
  • location
  • personal praise / criticism
89
Q

Who was appointed to publish reports which were vetoed by Kitchener - under the title ‘eyewitness’

A

Colonel Swinton

90
Q

title of Colonel Swinton’s publications

A

“Eyewitness”

91
Q

Who vetoed Colonel Swintons ‘eyewitness’ publication

A

Kitchener

92
Q

Many complain about Colonel Swinton’s publication - what was it derogatory name

A

“Eye-Wash”

93
Q

Swinton acknowledged that he tried to tell as much truth as was allowed in his publications - where id he reveal this

A

in his memoirs post-war

94
Q

Who was Wilfred Owen?

A

Poet (mainly pro-war)

7 months training
fought in Battle of the Somme

WW1 (15 decks)

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