wmm

Question 1

who was the wmm proposed by what what year

Answer 1

Baddeley & Hitch (1974)

Question 2

what did b&h say the working memory is

Answer 2

a temporary storage system under attentional control that is the basis for the capacity for complex thought

Question 3

what are active component stores

Answer 3

This model suggests that the STM does not consist of a single unitary store as the Multi Store Model suggested, but it consists of ACTIVE component stores
-These hold different pieces of information at any one time while they are being ‘worked’ on

Question 4

what does the working memory replace in the msm

Answer 4

stm

Question 5

what did baddeley notice from the experimental research into dual processing in STM

Answer 5

That participants who were asked to perform two similar tasks simultaneously performed less well compared to when they were asked to perform two dissimilar tasks simultaneously

Question 6

which dd baddeley notice in his experimental research into dual process

Answer 6

Participants who listened to two pieces of information at the same time, or looked at two pieces of information at the same time, became confused. -However, participants were very able to listen to a piece of information whilst looking at something else

Question 7

name all the components of the wmm

Answer 7

• central executive
• visuo-spatial sketchpad
• phonological loop
• episodic buffer

Question 8

what is the central executive

Answer 8

it is the control centre which acts as a processor dealing with incoming information and sending it to the sub systems

Question 9

does the central executive have specific modality and where does it process it’s info

Answer 9

• it has a non-specific modality
• processes information from any of the five senses

Question 10

what is the CE’s role

Answer 10

-It is to direct attention to particular task
-It is involved in monitoring and coordinating information and making decisions which ‘slave systems’ (the other components) to allocate the resources to.

Question 11

what is the CE’s capacity

Answer 11

• the CE has a very limited capacity as it can’t attend to too much information at once
• has virtually no capacity to store data (as it isn’t a ‘store’)

Question 12

give examples of when CE is used for cognitive functions

Answer 12

mental arithmetic, problem solving, comprehension tasks and switching our attention between tasks

Question 13

where does the CE direct sound based info to

Answer 13

The phonological loop which has acoustic coding

Question 14

what is the phonological loop used for

Answer 14

Speaking and listening tasks

Question 15

what two sub-systems is the phonological loop divided into

Answer 15

Phonological store
Articulatory control system

Question 16

what is the phonological store

Answer 16

-Holds the memory of sounds and stores the words heard
-Verbal information is kept in a speech based format for 1-2 seconds. It is known as the inner ear

Question 17

what is the articulatory control system

Answer 17

• Rehearses information through sub-vocalisation (‘talking to yourself in your mind) to keep the information ‘alive’ within the store
• It is known as the inner voice

Question 18

what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 18

A temporary storage system used for the manipulation, planning and understanding of visual information & spatial information

Question 19

when is the visuo-spatial sketchpad used

Answer 19

whenever navigation and interaction with the physical environment is needed

Question 20

what are the 2 sub-systems of the visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 20

-Visual cache - stores visual data regarding form (what things look like), colour and shape
-Inner scribe - stores spatial and movement data
This involves rehearsing information from the visual cache
eg the relationship between objects like remembering how to plan your way around college

Question 21

when was the episodic buffer added

Answer 21

2000

Question 22

what does the episodic buffer do

Answer 22

It explains how information incoming from short-term memory can be integrated into the long-term memory (i.e. by acting as a ‘buffer’)

Question 23

how does the episodic buffer hold info as

Answer 23

It is episodic in nature as it holds information as episodes and scenes within our memory and maintains a sense of time so events occur in a continuing sequence