msm

Question 1

sensory register

Answer 1

the first store that hold the sensory information received through all the senses for a brief period of time

Question 2

short term memory

Answer 2

• the memory of immediate events
• these memories tend not to last and disappear unless they are rehearsed

Question 3

long term memory

Answer 3

the memory for past events that can last for the life-time of a person.

Question 4

capacity

Answer 4

the measure of how much can be held in memory

Question 5

duration

Answer 5

the measure of how long memory lasts before it is no longer available

Question 6

encoding

Answer 6

• as information enters the brain via the senses, it is transformed into a code so that it can be stored
• the codes can be visual, acoustic and semantic

Question 7

SR duration

Answer 7

milliseconds

Question 8

SR duration

Answer 8

very large

Question 9

STM encoding

Answer 9

acoustic and verbal

Question 10

STM duration

Answer 10

15-30 seconds

Question 11

STM capacity

Answer 11

7 +/-2 (Miller 1956)

Question 12

LTM encoding

Answer 12

semantic, temporal

Question 13

LTM duration

Answer 13

lifetime

Question 14

LTM capacity

Answer 14

unlimited

Question 15

SR capacity supporting evidence

Answer 15

• whole or partial report technique: asked to recall the whole (or part) array such as a line
• tachistoscope

Question 16

STM encoding supporting evidence

Answer 16

Baddeley (1966)
Participants were divided into groups and given different lists of words to learn then recall
- Acoustically Similar (mad, man, map)
- Acoustically Dissimilar (pen, few, day)
- Semantically Similar (great, big, large)
- Semantically Dissimilar (hot, old, late)
Acoustically dissimilar words were recalled more accurately than acoustically similar, so there must be some acoustic confusion in recall, which suggests that coding is acoustic.

Other lists were recalled much better 60-80% accurate recall, the little difference in the semantic lists means that this is not the coding in STM

Question 17

STM - capacity - supporting evidence

Answer 17

Miller (1956) : 7 plus or minus 2 (5-9)

Question 18

STM - Duration - Supporting Evidence

Answer 18

Peterson and Peterson (1959)
- Participants saw a trigram, then had an interference task, like counting backwards in 3s, to prevent repetition of the trigram.
- Then asked to recall. After 3 seconds 90% were recalled
- After 18 seconds 5% were recalled
- This suggests that STM lasts little longer than 18 seconds, but when people aren’t expecting to recall, other research suggests it lasts much less

Question 19

LTM - Coding - Supporting Evidence

Answer 19

Baddeley (1966)
Participants were divided into groups and given lists of words to learn then recall immediately
- Acoustically Similar (mad, man, map)
- Acoustically Dissimilar (pen, few, day)
- Semantically Similar (great, big, large)
- Semantically Dissimilar (hot, old, late)
Semantically dissimilar words were recalled more accurately than semantically similar, so there must be some semantic confusion in recall, which suggests that coding is semantic.

The little difference in the acoustic lists means that this is not the coding in LTM