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PS2803 > Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 3 > Flashcards

Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are parents needed?

A

To mold children into socially responsible citizens.

To channel children’s natural impulses into positive behaviours.

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2
Q

What is parental socialisation?

A

The process through which children acquire appropriate values, skills, knowledge, and behaviours for their cultures.

Children learn what is expected from them.

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3
Q

What behaviours do parental socialisation include?

A

Direct instruction
Indirect socialisation
Social managers

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4
Q

What is direct instruction?

A

Parents teach children rules and strategies for social engagement.

Parents inform and advise children on various issues.

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5
Q

How do parents act as social managers?

A

They have control over the types of clubs and daycare the child attends.

They have some control over children’s access to peers.

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6
Q

How do parents indirectly socialise their children?

A

Children observe parents behaviours

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7
Q

What are Baumrind’s 5 parenting styles?

A 
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved
Unclassified
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8
Q

What is Baumrind’s classification of parenting styles based on?

A

Observations at home, interviews, questionnaires

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9
Q

What is the most common parenting style?

A

Permissive

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10
Q

What does an authoritarian parenting style involve?

A 
High in coercive control
Demand obedience without reasonable reward
Punishments are employed
Inconsistent discipline
Manipulative, verbal hostility

Emotionally cold
Misinterpret or ignore children’s feelings/needs

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11
Q

What does an authoritative parenting style involve?

A

Firm discipline to teach and promote self-regulation
Reasonable
Supportive
Communicate to resolve disagreement jointly
Warm towards children
Encourage independence
High in demandingness

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12
Q

What does a permissive parenting style involve?

A 
Warm and loving
Highly responsive to child's needs and wishes
Exerted little control
Low in demandingness
Fail to provide authority and order
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13
Q

What does an uninvolved parenting style involve?

A 
Reject or neglect children
Low in responsiveness
Low warmth
Depressed and overwhelmed by the challenges of being a parent
Low demandingness/control
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14
Q

What are 2 key dimensions that Macoby and Main claim underlie Baumrind’s parenting styles?

A

The degree of parental warmth, support, responsiveness

The degree of parental control and demandingness

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15
Q

What has parental warmth and sensitivity predicted?

A

Attachment styles

Academic performance

Social skills

Psychological health

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16
Q

What does developmentally appropriate parent control predict?

A

Positive outcomes for children

17
Q

What can preschool parenting styles predict?

A

Adolescent outcomes

18
Q

Can children who have authoritarian parents develop initative?

A

No. Children are demanded to be obedient without reasonable explanation or reward. They are not given opportunities to develop their own initiative.

19
Q

What parenting style is associated with the worst outcomes for adolescence?

A

Authoritarian

20
Q

What are outcomes of authoritarian parenting styles?

A

Lower social, emotional, and cognitive competence

More mental health problems. Easily overwhelmed or angered.

Hostile towards parents

21
Q

Is authoritarian parenting associated with crime/drugs?

A

Yes, children with authoritarian parents have higher levels of delinquency and alcohol abuse

22
Q

What parenting style is associated with the best outcomes for adolescence?

A

Authoritative style

23
Q

What child outcomes are related to authoritative parents?

A

Socially, emotionally, and cognitively competent

Self-confident, achievement orientated

Popular with peers

Lower drug use

24
Q

What child outcomes are related to permissive styles?

A

Poorer mental health

Lower academic achievement

Low independence, low self-efficacy

Struggle to cope with challenges

More drug and alcohol problems

25
Q

What child outcomes are related to uninvolved styles?

A

Poorer mental health, lower independence, lower self-efficacy

Insecure/disorganised attachment

More impulsive and anti-social

Less achievement-oriented

26
Q

How can the children’s behaviour influence parenting styles?

A

Negative child behaviours predicted changes to neglectful parenting styles.

If child talks to their parents about their lives and their feelings etc. it predicted a switch to more authoritative parenting styles.

27
Q

Can youth behaviours predict changes to parenting style?

A

Yes, but not vice versa. Parenting styles did not predict changes in adolescent behaviour.

28
Q

Are parenting styles fixed?

A

No. They can be flexible and adapt to the behaviours of the child.

29
Q

What factors can affect parenting?

A

Socioeconomic status
Ethnic background
Family structure

30
Q

How do socioeconomic factors influence parenting styles?

A

Low SES linked with authoritarian parenting

31
Q

How can the level of parent education influence parenting?

A

Parents with low SES likely spent less time in education, which is linked with lower communication skills and relationship skills.

32
Q

How can the safety of the neighbourhood influence parenting?

A

Low SES = less safe neighbourhood.

Controlling behaviours may be used by parents to protect children from drugs and violence.

Parental stress is likely to be higher because of the neighbourhood.

33
Q

How can parental stress influence parenting styles?

A

Less able to use authoritative parenting behaviours

34
Q

Why is the relationship between SES and parenting complex?

A

Individual characteristics of the parents and the childhood environment also contribute to SES and parenting.

It is difficult to separate the effect of just SES on parenting.

35
Q

What characteristics of the parents can affect SES and parenting styles?

A

Emotional, social, and cognitive capabilities.

Experience as a a child.

Academic achievements.

36
Q

Are parenting styles ethnocentric?

A

Yes. The 2 dimensions of warmth and demandingness may only be relevant for European Americans.

37
Q

Do classifications of parenting styles consider culture?

A

No. Meanings and consequences of the different styles vary by culture. Parenting styles have different outcomes for different groups.

38
Q

What parenting style is assumed to be the ideal?

A

Authoritative parenting style

39
Q

What is a problem with the approach to parenting styles?

A

It is ethnocentric. It doesn’t consider that different parenting styles will have different meanings and outcomes for different cultures.

PS2803 (16 decks)

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