Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 3 Flashcards
Why are parents needed?
To mold children into socially responsible citizens.
To channel children’s natural impulses into positive behaviours.
What is parental socialisation?
The process through which children acquire appropriate values, skills, knowledge, and behaviours for their cultures.
Children learn what is expected from them.
What behaviours do parental socialisation include?
Direct instruction
Indirect socialisation
Social managers
What is direct instruction?
Parents teach children rules and strategies for social engagement.
Parents inform and advise children on various issues.
How do parents act as social managers?
They have control over the types of clubs and daycare the child attends.
They have some control over children’s access to peers.
How do parents indirectly socialise their children?
Children observe parents behaviours
What are Baumrind’s 5 parenting styles?
Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive Uninvolved Unclassified
What is Baumrind’s classification of parenting styles based on?
Observations at home, interviews, questionnaires
What is the most common parenting style?
Permissive
What does an authoritarian parenting style involve?
High in coercive control Demand obedience without reasonable reward Punishments are employed Inconsistent discipline Manipulative, verbal hostility
Emotionally cold
Misinterpret or ignore children’s feelings/needs
What does an authoritative parenting style involve?
Firm discipline to teach and promote self-regulation
Reasonable
Supportive
Communicate to resolve disagreement jointly
Warm towards children
Encourage independence
High in demandingness
What does a permissive parenting style involve?
Warm and loving Highly responsive to child's needs and wishes Exerted little control Low in demandingness Fail to provide authority and order
What does an uninvolved parenting style involve?
Reject or neglect children Low in responsiveness Low warmth Depressed and overwhelmed by the challenges of being a parent Low demandingness/control
What are 2 key dimensions that Macoby and Main claim underlie Baumrind’s parenting styles?
The degree of parental warmth, support, responsiveness
The degree of parental control and demandingness
What has parental warmth and sensitivity predicted?
Attachment styles
Academic performance
Social skills
Psychological health
What does developmentally appropriate parent control predict?
Positive outcomes for children
What can preschool parenting styles predict?
Adolescent outcomes
Can children who have authoritarian parents develop initative?
No. Children are demanded to be obedient without reasonable explanation or reward. They are not given opportunities to develop their own initiative.
What parenting style is associated with the worst outcomes for adolescence?
Authoritarian
What are outcomes of authoritarian parenting styles?
Lower social, emotional, and cognitive competence
More mental health problems. Easily overwhelmed or angered.
Hostile towards parents
Is authoritarian parenting associated with crime/drugs?
Yes, children with authoritarian parents have higher levels of delinquency and alcohol abuse
What parenting style is associated with the best outcomes for adolescence?
Authoritative style
What child outcomes are related to authoritative parents?
Socially, emotionally, and cognitively competent
Self-confident, achievement orientated
Popular with peers
Lower drug use
What child outcomes are related to permissive styles?
Poorer mental health
Lower academic achievement
Low independence, low self-efficacy
Struggle to cope with challenges
More drug and alcohol problems
