Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 2

Question 1

What does Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model study?

Answer 1

Studies the ecosystem of the child and the wider cultural system on child development.

Question 2

Do levels of the ecosystems affect other levels?

Answer 2

Yes. Every factor in the ecosystem depends on every other factor.

A change in one level of the ecosystem will have effects on other levels.

Question 3

What are the 4 ecological systems that comprise Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model?

Answer 3

Microsystems
Mesosystems
Exosystems
Macrosystems

Question 4

What does microsystem refer to?

Answer 4

Immediate environment of the child.

Question 5

What can the immediate environment of the child include?

Answer 5

Activities in which the child directly participates

Family relationships

Childcare, school

Peers, extracurricular clubs

Question 6

What does mesosystem refer to?

Answer 6

Interconnections between microsystems (e.g., family interact with school by parents encouraging school work and talking to the teachers)

Question 7

What does exosystem refer to?

Answer 7

Includes settings that affect the child indirectly through family etc.

Question 8

What are examples of exosystems?

Answer 8

Qualities of parents work can affect child outcomes

Local government (fund youth schemes and opportunities to engage with peers)

Question 9

What does macrosystem refer to?

Answer 9

General beliefs and values of society.

Cultural context, ethnic background

Question 10

What are examples of mesosystems?

Answer 10

Home

School

Neighbourhood

Religious setting

Question 11

What is the chronosystem?

Answer 11

The system that acknowledges that the system changes over time. This change might be changes in technology or shifts in beliefs.

Question 12

What is a typical microsystem for the isolated nuclear family?

Answer 12

Small family consisting of mother, father, sibling, childcare, a couple of friends

Question 13

What is a typical exosystem for the isolated nuclear family?

Answer 13

Father has a stressful job

Mother’s job is not always satisfying

Question 14

What is a typical macrosystem for the isolated nuclear family?

Answer 14

White individualistic culture, places emphasise on independence and individualism

Middle-class neighbourhood with good schools, low crime

Question 15

What cultures is the isolated nuclear family common in?

Answer 15

Europe

America

Question 16

What cultures is the extended family common in?

Answer 16

Traditional cultures, Western countries

Question 17

What are characteristics of isolated nuclear families?

Answer 17

Parents are primarily responsible for child rearing

There is formal schooling

Children leave the family in young adulthood to make their own home

Question 18

What are characteristics of the extended family?

Answer 18

There are more siblings, there is a shared responsibility for children (grandparents, older siblings)

Children mix with all ages in groups

Children stay close to family for their whole life

Question 19

What is a typical microsystem for the extended family?

Answer 19

Full-time mum, lots of siblings, grandparents

Question 20

What is a typical exosystem for the extended family?

Answer 20

Lots of family lives near by. Wide age range of children in the extended family.

Father’s job is manual labour.

Question 21

What is a typical macrosystem for the extended family?

Answer 21

Poor neighbourhood, relatively high crime

Collectivist culture

Question 22

How does Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model see the family?

Answer 22

Family is the filter through which the larger society influences child development

Question 23

What are characteristics of the family according to Bronfenbrenner’s model of the family systems theory?

Answer 23

The family system has wholeness - the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. All parts interact in a complex way.

The family system has adaptability - change in one part of the system affects every other part.

Question 24

What is family dynamics?

Answer 24

The study of relationship between family members and how they influence each other

Question 25

Do family dynamics change over time?

Answer 25

Yes. Change when people grow older, when family size increases/decreases, and when one member has a change in mental/physical health.

Question 26

Are family dynamics between a parent and a child bidirectional?

Answer 26

Yes. Children can also influence parent behaviours.

Question 27

Give an example of how bidirectionality can occur to reinforce a negative relationship

Answer 27

Parent makes request, child reacts with hostility, adult reacts with hostility, child doesn't do what was asked. Parent asks again.

Question 28

How can the attractiveness of children affect parent behaviours?

Answer 28

Attractive children elicit more positive responses. Parents may invest more resources towards survival of attractive children. More likely to reproduce and ensure survival of the parents genes.

Question 29

How can genetic factors related to temperament affect parenting?

Answer 29

Difficult children may react badly to non-supportive parenting. Easy children may not be as affected if parent's are not as supportive.

Question 30

How can birth order affect parenting?

Answer 30

Parents are more responsive to first borns and have higher expectations for first borns.

Question 31

How can gender affect the parents behaviour?

Answer 31

Parents may interpret the behaviour of boys and girls differently and have different standards for each as influenced by cultural expectations.

Question 32

Can children's characteristics affect parental behaviours?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

What are 4 characteristics of children that can affect parental behaviours?

Answer 33

Gender Birth order Attractiveness Genetic factors relating to temperament

Question 34

What does the family systems theory say?

Answer 34

Child development takes place within complex interacting systems from the immediate family system to the wider cultural system. We cannot fully understand child development in isolation from these systems.

Question 35

What does family dynamics look at?

Answer 35

The interactions within the immediate family