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PS2803 > Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 2 > Flashcards

Wk9 Pre-recorded Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model study?

A

Studies the ecosystem of the child and the wider cultural system on child development.

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2
Q

Do levels of the ecosystems affect other levels?

A

Yes. Every factor in the ecosystem depends on every other factor.

A change in one level of the ecosystem will have effects on other levels.

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3
Q

What are the 4 ecological systems that comprise Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model?

A

Microsystems
Mesosystems
Exosystems
Macrosystems

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4
Q

What does microsystem refer to?

A

Immediate environment of the child.

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5
Q

What can the immediate environment of the child include?

A

Activities in which the child directly participates

Family relationships

Childcare, school

Peers, extracurricular clubs

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6
Q

What does mesosystem refer to?

A

Interconnections between microsystems (e.g., family interact with school by parents encouraging school work and talking to the teachers)

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7
Q

What does exosystem refer to?

A

Includes settings that affect the child indirectly through family etc.

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8
Q

What are examples of exosystems?

A

Qualities of parents work can affect child outcomes

Local government (fund youth schemes and opportunities to engage with peers)

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9
Q

What does macrosystem refer to?

A

General beliefs and values of society.

Cultural context, ethnic background

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10
Q

What are examples of mesosystems?

A

Home

School

Neighbourhood

Religious setting

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11
Q

What is the chronosystem?

A

The system that acknowledges that the system changes over time. This change might be changes in technology or shifts in beliefs.

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12
Q

What is a typical microsystem for the isolated nuclear family?

A

Small family consisting of mother, father, sibling, childcare, a couple of friends

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13
Q

What is a typical exosystem for the isolated nuclear family?

A

Father has a stressful job

Mother’s job is not always satisfying

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14
Q

What is a typical macrosystem for the isolated nuclear family?

A

White individualistic culture, places emphasise on independence and individualism

Middle-class neighbourhood with good schools, low crime

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15
Q

What cultures is the isolated nuclear family common in?

A

Europe

America

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16
Q

What cultures is the extended family common in?

A

Traditional cultures, Western countries

17
Q

What are characteristics of isolated nuclear families?

A

Parents are primarily responsible for child rearing

There is formal schooling

Children leave the family in young adulthood to make their own home

18
Q

What are characteristics of the extended family?

A

There are more siblings, there is a shared responsibility for children (grandparents, older siblings)

Children mix with all ages in groups

Children stay close to family for their whole life

19
Q

What is a typical microsystem for the extended family?

A

Full-time mum, lots of siblings, grandparents

20
Q

What is a typical exosystem for the extended family?

A

Lots of family lives near by. Wide age range of children in the extended family.

Father’s job is manual labour.

21
Q

What is a typical macrosystem for the extended family?

A

Poor neighbourhood, relatively high crime

Collectivist culture

22
Q

How does Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model see the family?

A

Family is the filter through which the larger society influences child development

23
Q

What are characteristics of the family according to Bronfenbrenner’s model of the family systems theory?

A

The family system has wholeness - the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. All parts interact in a complex way.

The family system has adaptability - change in one part of the system affects every other part.

24
Q

What is family dynamics?

A

The study of relationship between family members and how they influence each other

25
Q

Do family dynamics change over time?

A

Yes. Change when people grow older, when family size increases/decreases, and when one member has a change in mental/physical health.

26
Q

Are family dynamics between a parent and a child bidirectional?

A

Yes. Children can also influence parent behaviours.

27
Q

Give an example of how bidirectionality can occur to reinforce a negative relationship

A

Parent makes request, child reacts with hostility, adult reacts with hostility, child doesn’t do what was asked. Parent asks again.

28
Q

How can the attractiveness of children affect parent behaviours?

A

Attractive children elicit more positive responses.

Parents may invest more resources towards survival of attractive children. More likely to reproduce and ensure survival of the parents genes.

29
Q

How can genetic factors related to temperament affect parenting?

A

Difficult children may react badly to non-supportive parenting.

Easy children may not be as affected if parent’s are not as supportive.

30
Q

How can birth order affect parenting?

A

Parents are more responsive to first borns and have higher expectations for first borns.

31
Q

How can gender affect the parents behaviour?

A

Parents may interpret the behaviour of boys and girls differently and have different standards for each as influenced by cultural expectations.

32
Q

Can children’s characteristics affect parental behaviours?

A

Yes

33
Q

What are 4 characteristics of children that can affect parental behaviours?

A

Gender

Birth order

Attractiveness

Genetic factors relating to temperament

34
Q

What does the family systems theory say?

A

Child development takes place within complex interacting systems from the immediate family system to the wider cultural system.

We cannot fully understand child development in isolation from these systems.

35
Q

What does family dynamics look at?

A

The interactions within the immediate family

PS2803 (16 decks)

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