WK5 Profiling Flashcards
meta-analysis
statistical combination results of two or more seperate studies
Profiling
crime scene analysis to assist in the detection, apprehension of offenders by drawing inferences about them from information at the crime scene
false negatives
profile rules out an offender type that turns out to be correct
false positives
profile suggests an offender type that tursn out to be wrong
true negative
predicts profile of likely non-offender that doesn’t decsribe offender
true positive
predicts profile of likely offender and tursn out to describe offender
clinical practitioner approach
psycholoical profile based on psychological thepry and clinical experience
criminal investigative approach
fitting crime to known offender types
scientific statistical approach
building profile from actuarial crime data
geographic approach
examines movement patterns associated with the crime, to provide location of offenders residence or place of work
psychoanalytic theory
crime is the result of unresolved psychic tensions. emphasis on relationship with mother
oedipal complex
in love with mother, see’s father as competition
high guilt
commits crime to recieve punishment
developmentally fixated
regress to earlier developmental stage
personality trait theory
based on assumption that personality traits result in consistent patterns of behaviour
sexually motivated murderer
engages in masturbatory fantasies about victim, sadistic urges where primary aim is to kill
sexually triggered murderer
commits agressive but controlled murder, kills to navoid detection
grievance motivated murderer
aggressive, uncontrolled murder. humiliation of victim with sexual theme. no prior intention to kill but responds to some action with violence
3 main offender types
sexually motivated, sexually triggered and grievance motivated
FBI Profiling process
data assimilation, crime scene classification, profile generation, crime reconstruction
modus operandi
the steps and actions taken by offenders to commit crime
psychological signature
distinctive features of crime that reflect characteristics of offenders
Top down approach
starts with big picture, fitting cases to an existing typology
bottom up approach
starts with small details to build big picture, acuatarial methods
picquerism
sexual pleasure from stabbing/cutting
overkill
level of violence excessive to need
degradation
body left in public view
posing
bodies left in sexually revealing manner
escalation
offender becomes more violent with each offence
planning
no clues left
instrumental opportunistic
very little planning
instrumental cognitive
thought and planning applied
expressive impulsive
done in the spur of the moment
rational choice perspective
idea that individuals always make rational choices
least effort principle
that offenders are likely to act on the first or closest/easiest option
buffer zone
doing a crime far enough away from your home that you won’t be suspected
routine activity theory
the result of everyday opportunities with 3 factors at play- motivated offender, no capable guardian, suitable target
awareness space
mental map
anchor point
usually home
nodes
location of activity that criminal uses regularly
target backcloth
availability of target in a given area
decaying curve
likelihood of crime occurring decreases, the further a criminal moves away from their home
5 parts of crime pattern theory
awareness space, nodes, target backcloth, decaying curve, anchor point
crime forecasting
predicting the next crime/target
geographic profiling
criminal investigative methodology that analyses locations of connected series of crimes
