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FPSYCH101 Introduction to forensic and criminological Psychology > WK4 understanding criminal behaviour > Flashcards

WK4 understanding criminal behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

interaction

A

where the effect of one factor depends on the presence of another factor

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2
Q

biological disposition

A

idea that certain biological factors increase the risk of criminality

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3
Q

sensation seeking

A

high need for risk and excitement

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4
Q

DNA

A

the material from which genes are made

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5
Q

double helix

A

two strands connected by 3 billion base pairs made up of four chemicals

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6
Q

genes

A

a specific section of sequential base pair

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7
Q

chromosomes

A

tightly packed coil of genes

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8
Q

genomes

A

full set of genetic information

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9
Q

monozygotic twins

A

identical twins

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10
Q

dizygotic twins

A

two seperate eggs fertilized by two seperate sperm

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11
Q

Concordance

A

degree of similarity

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12
Q

XYY chromosome hypothesis

A

That men who adopt an extra Y chromosome from their father are larger in stature, low intelligence and extra masculine increases likelihood of criminality

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13
Q

molecular genetics

A

searches to identify specific genes associated with crime

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14
Q

GeneD4DR

A

regulates dopamine which is associated with mood and pleasure- links to sensation seeking and risk taking

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15
Q

Left hemisphere

A

language and reasoning

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16
Q

Right hemisphere

A

creativity and spatial manipulation

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17
Q

Frontal lobe

A

abstract thinking, reasoning, planning, impulse control and problem solving

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18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

movement, orientation and perception

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19
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual information

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20
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing and speech

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21
Q

developmental factors

A

the effect of experiences over the lifecourse from womb to tomb

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22
Q

Personality

A

persistent and enduring ways of thinking, patterns of behavior and emotional responses that characterize an individual

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23
Q

personality traits

A

shorthand descriptors of the stable attributes that comprise personality

24
Q

The Big 5

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism

25
Q

conformity

A

following others when it conflicts with personally held beliefs and values

26
Q

obedience to authority

A

following the commands of someone with perceived power

27
Q

Deindividuation

A

Reduced self-awareness, most commonly produced by group membership

28
Q

Disciplinary styles

A

authoritarian, authoritative and permissive

29
Q

authoritarian

A

focus on enforcement of rules and administration of punishment

30
Q

permissive

A

very tolerant, children have a degree of freedom

31
Q

authoritative

A

firm but fair, open communication and rational discussion

32
Q

distal factors

A

go back in time

33
Q

proximal factors

A

closer to the time

34
Q

examples of distal factors

A

biological disposition, developmental experiences

35
Q

examples of proximal factors

A

situational factors

36
Q

low self-control can be developed through

A

upbringing, cognitive development, opportunity

37
Q

desistance

A

a process and an outcome of abstaining from criminal activity

38
Q

primary desistance

A

stop engaging in criminal behaviour

39
Q

secondary desistance

A

take on a new non-criminal identity

40
Q

grasmick scale

A

measures self-control

41
Q

examples of developmental factors

A

family structure, child maltreatment, disciplinary practices, schooling experiences, peer groups

42
Q

developmental factor approaches

A

personality theories, social learning theory

43
Q

altruism

A

capacity to perform self-sacrificing acts

44
Q

Eysencks personality theory of crime

A

psychoticism, extroversion and neuroticism- mix of biological and environmental factors

45
Q

Social psychology

A

study of beings in social circumstances

46
Q

opportunity theory

A

behaviour determined by it’s consequences

47
Q

passive correlation

A

child exposed to a compatible environment

48
Q

active correlation

A

child seeks out compatible environments

49
Q

reactive correlation

A

different children evoke different reactions from the environment

50
Q

risk factors of crime

A

child maltreatment, family not intact and poor-quality relationships

51
Q

protection factors for crime

A

close ties with siblings, good performance at school, involvement with team sports, not being removed from foster home

52
Q

Kohlberg moral development theory 3 stages

A

how children develop morality and moral reasoning, pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional

53
Q

pre-conventional

A

punishment and obedience- instrumental hedonism

54
Q

conventional

A

good boy/girl- authority and social order

55
Q

post-conventional

A

democratically accepted laws, individual principle and conscience

56
Q

prudent anti-social offending

A

pre-conventional (acquisitive e.g sex offenders

57
Q

imprudent anti-social offending

A

both conventional and pre-conventional (assaults)

FPSYCH101 Introduction to forensic and criminological Psychology (13 decks)

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