WK5-6 Forearm and Wrist Flashcards
Which bones and parts of the bones form the following joints ? (Humero-Ulnar joint, Humero-radial joint, proximal radio-ulnar joint)
- Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
- radial fossa of radial head and humeral capitulum
- radial head and radial ulnar notch
What are the jobs of the following ligaments ? ( UCL, RCL, LUCL, Anular)
- UCL( ulnar collateral ligament)- runs from medial epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon structures on ulna. consists of three bands ( ant, post, and obl). restricts valgus force.
- RCL ( radial collateral ligament)- lateral epicondyle to anular ligament. keeps radius from displacing from ulna. restricts varus force.
- LUCL ( lateral ulnar collateral ligament )- lateral humeral epicondyle to ulna, keeps radius from displacing from ulna.
- Anular lig- keeps radial head connected to ulna. important during pronation and supination.
What are the primary and secondary muscles for pronation and supination ?
Supination:
1. biceps brachii
2. supinator
Pronator:
1. pronator quadratus
2. pronator teres
List the muscles in each group of the forearm: anterior, wrist flexors ( superficial, intermediate, deep )
- Superficial: pronator teres, palamaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris
- Intermediate: flexor digitorum superificialis (FDS)
- Deep: flexor digitorum profundis, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
List the muscles in each group of the forearm: posterior functional ( wrist extensors, abductors, adductors) ( digit extensors) (thumb extensors and abductors )
Wrist extensors, abductors, adductors: extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
Digit extensors: extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digitorum longus
Thumb extensors and abductors: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Which muscles when acting together will cause the following motions ?
1. wrist flexion 2. wrist extension 3. wrist abduction 4. wrist adduction
- flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis + flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris + extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the consequences of the following nerve injuries in the forearm ?
a. median and anterior interosseous nerve injury b. ulnar nerve injury c. radial nerve injury
a. no flexion of flexor digitorum digits 2-5
AIN: can’t make okay sign
b. radiating pain down the medial forearm
c. motor loss and no thumb or MCP extension
List the major arteries coming from the heart to the forearm.
aorta
brachiocephalic
subclavian
axillary
brachial- radial and ulnar
What are the myotomes for the elbow and forearm ?
elbow flexion: C6
elbow ext: C7
Pronation: C7-8
supination: C6
What is a colles fracture ?
transverse fracture of the the radius, “dinner fork” deformity
What are some concurrent injuries associated with elbow dislocation ?
fractures, UCL tears, ulnar nerve injury.
Define the following conditions: Nursemaids elbow, tennis elbow, student’s elbow.
Nursemaid’s elbow: radial head slips out of anular ligament, caused by sudden jerk on the arm of a child specifically
Tennis elbow: inflammation of muscle attachments at lateral epicondyle, happens with excessive ext and gripping of elbow
Students elbow: olecranon bursitis, happens with repeated pressure and friction
What is pronator syndrome ?
entrapment of the median nerve resulting in pronation weakness of pronator teres.
Varus
force on a joint that pushes laterally on the joint
Valgus
force on a joint that pushes medially on the joint
