Wk3 - CNS, PNS and Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

What divides the brain into two hemispheres?

Answer 1

The Longitudinal Fissure

Question 2

What is specialisation amongst the different hemispheres called?

Answer 2

Lateralisation

Question 3

What is contralateral arrangement?

Answer 3

The arrangement where most of the motor and sensory fibres are controlled by the other side of the body.

I.e. Right controls left and left controls right.

Question 4

What are parts of the brain does Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) move around in?

Answer 4

The cerebral ventricles

Question 5

Where is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?

Answer 5

In the lateral ventricles. By the choroid plexus.

• Choroid plexus produces up to 500 ml per day. Always doing an “oil change”.

Question 6

What is the function of CSF?

Answer 6

• Protects from sudden movement.
• Exchanges matter and nutrients between blood vessels and tissue.

Question 7

What are the three layers of membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

• The Meninges.
• The pia mater, the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.

Question 8

What sends motor controls to the muscles and glands?

Answer 8

The spinal cord

• 2/3 the length of the vertebrae column. Goes through hole in the middle.

Question 9

What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Answer 9

The somatic and the automatic nervous system.

Question 10

What are the functions of the Somatic nervous system (SoNS)?

Answer 10

• In the peripheral nervous system
• Carries motor info out –>
• Carries sensory info in <–
• Associated w/ voluntary body movements. Opposite of Automatic.

Question 11

What are the two parts of the Automatic nervous system

Answer 11

Comprised of the:

• The sympathetic nervous system

and

• The parasympathetic nervous system

Question 12

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

• The sympathetic nervous system is the “exciter”
• Involved with actions that expend energy.
• Like Fight or Flight.

Question 13

What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 13

• Involved with actions that increases energy. the “relaxer”
• Digestion, contracting pupils, slowing heartbeat.

Question 14

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 14

• 12 nerves that transfer signals to do with sensory info and motor info around the face, neck and torso.

Question 15

What is the overall function of the Automatic nervous system?

Answer 15

• Automatic nervous system. So associated with automatic functions.
• Respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, pupils, liver, bladder, adrenal glands.

Question 16

Where are the Inferior Olivary Nuclei Located and what are their functions

Answer 16

• The Olivary Nuclei are located in the Medulla Oblongata and connect to the cerebellum
• Are involved with movement.

Question 17

Where are the “pyramids” located and what are their names/functions

Answer 17

• they are located within the medulla oblongata.
• They are called the medullary pyramids.
• It is where the most of the movement related nerves cross over. Causing the contralateral arrangement of our movement.

Question 18

Describe what happens to visual information within hemispherical lateralisation

Answer 18

Both eyes go to both sides of the Brain. However, the hemifields of each eye are contralaterally arranged.

• So the left hemifield of the left and right eye BOTH go to the right hemisphere.
• And vice versa

Question 19

What was found in the split brain experiments?

Answer 19

• Images would be flashed and individuals were told to say what they see.
• Because speech is typically localised in the left brain (Broca’s and Wernicke’s area’s) they could only say what they saw on the right side.
• If shown on left side, Right hemisphere could respond by pointing or touching to an object