Wk 9 - Emotions

Question 1

How many emotions are there and what are they? (Based off the common consensus and Ekman 1999’s theory)

Answer 1

According to Ekman, there are 6 emotions.

Surprise
Anger
Fear
Sadness
Disgust
Happiness

Question 2

Describe James and Langes theory of emotions

Answer 2

Event -> Physiological State -> Emotion

(Sad because we are crying, afraid because trembling.)

Question 3

Describe Cannon-Bard’s theory of emotion

Answer 3

Event -> Cognitive appraisal of the situation AND a physiological state -> Then Emotion

Question 4

Describe Schachter-Singer’s Two Factor theory of emotion

Answer 4

Event/situation -> Cognitive appraisal of the emotion AND an ambiguous physiological arousal -> Emotion AND Intensity of the emotion

Question 5

Define stress

Answer 5

Challenge to a persons capacity to adapt to inner and outer demands.

Question 6

What are the two systems involved with the physiological components of stress and what triggers the activation of these systems?

Answer 6

The nervous system’s and endocrine (hormonal) system

The hypothalamus triggers these.

Question 7

Define Cortex

Answer 7

In latin it means “Bark”.

It is the outer or surrounding layer of an organ or body part.

So the cerebral cortex is the outer area of the brain. Or cerebrum.

Question 8

What is the HPA axis and its components, activation method and sequence

Answer 8

• Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA) is a neuroendocrine system within the body.
• Consists of Hypothalamus > Pituitary Gland > Adrenal Glands
• Adrenal Glands are located at the top of each Kidney
• Hypothalamus produces Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) > Which then gets sent to the Anterior Pituitary Gland (below the HT) stimulating the production of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) > This triggers Cortisol (in the adrenal cortex), Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) (In the adrenal medulla) in the Adrenal glands

Question 9

What are Glucocorticoids

Answer 9

Cortisol. Produced in the adrenal glands cortex (One in the kidneys)

Question 10

Name the two pathways that create the stress response

Answer 10

Question 11

Visualise then study this image of the physiological system for stress.

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the pituitary gland and where is it located?

Answer 12

It is your bodies “master gland” it tells the other glands in your body what to do.

Question 13

What happens in endocrine communication?

Answer 13

Endocrine glands make hormones and pass them into the bloodstream. Hormones are like chemical messages. From the blood stream, the hormones communicate with the body by heading towards their target cell to bring about a particular change or effect to that cell.