wk2

Question 1

what is discrete data

Answer 1

where no continuum exists, data can only take certain units. (5,3,4)

Question 2

What is continuous data

Answer 2

different scales of measurement, can take any value. (63.30,3.35,10.15)

Question 3

What is nominal data

Answer 3

categories/names. not numerical not a scale.

Question 4

what is ordinal data

Answer 4

Phone data which has a relative order. (agree- disagree etc.)

Question 5

continuous levels of data

Answer 5

interval or ratio

Question 6

What is interval data

Answer 6

equal intervals on the scale represent equal differences in the property being measured. e.g. total accuracy scores, scale scores

Question 7

What is ratio data

Answer 7

similar to interval data but the ratios of values along the scale should be meaningful. the scale must have a meaningful zero point. e.g. time.

Question 8

Examples of psychological constructs

Answer 8

Intelligence /love/ trust/ anxiety/ superstition/ attitudes/ self-esteem/ satisfaction

Question 9

What is construct validity

Answer 9

how well the selected measures map onto the hypothetical construct

Question 10

What is a quasi experimental design

Answer 10

Is an experiment where The variables are naturally occurring and not manipulated

Question 11

what is the criteria for establishing causation between a and B variables

Answer 11

covariance/ temporal precedence/ internal validity

Question 12

What is covariance

Answer 12

results show that a changes b

Question 13

what is temporal precedence

Answer 13

The studies method insures that a comes first in time, before B

Question 14

What is internal validity

Answer 14

The study’s method ensures that there are no plausible alternative explanations for the change in B. a is the only thing that changed

Question 15

What are extraneous variables

Answer 15

anything that varies within your study not under interest or control

Question 16

what is confound variables

Answer 16

When extraneous variables become a big problem

Question 17

What is a between subjects design

Answer 17

when people are allocated to different conditions

Question 18

Within subjects design

Answer 18

Where all participants to all conditions of the IV

Question 19

The type 2 error

Answer 19

manipulation does have an affect but the effect is not detected
(due to a lack of statistical power or natural variation Between samples)

Question 20

Type 1 error

Answer 20

when we believe manipulation was successful one in fact it wasn’t (false positive)

Question 21

Experimental hypothesis

Answer 21

The claim you testing translate the problem into expected outcomes

Question 22

One-tailed hypothesis

Answer 22

Directional prediction. State the direction the experiment will go in

Question 23

Two-tailed hypothesis

Answer 23

nondirectional prediction.

does not state the direction that the study will go in

Question 24

Null hypothesis

Answer 24

usually the opposite of the alternative hypothesis states that an affect is absent.

provides a baseline against which to evaluate our alternative hypothesis.
“there will be no difference”

Question 25

what are psychological ethics

Answer 25

moral principles that govern psychological activity and applying them to research.