wk 1

Question 1

what is empiricism?

Answer 1

the belief that valid knowledge is based on observation as opposed to intuition. also about scientific thinking

Question 2

what is the Availability heuristic

Answer 2

biased by things that easily pop into our mind such as recent events or memories

Question 3

what is the theory-data cycle?

Answer 3

questions -> claims -> evidence/data -> evaluation -> questions

Question 4

What are the six principles of scientific thinking

Answer 4

ruling out rival hypotheses/ correlation versus causation / falsifiability replicability/ extraordinary claims/ Occam‘s razor

Question 5

What is falsifiability

Answer 5

can the claim be disproved

Question 6

what is replicability

Answer 6

Can the results be duplicated in other studies

Question 7

What is Occam’s razor

Answer 7

Does a simpler Explanation fit the data just as well (does the theory show parsimony)

Question 8

what is theory?

Answer 8

a set of assumptions and principles about a broad phenomenon

Question 9

what is hypothesis

Answer 9

systematically test theory in various conditions to determine its utility

Question 10

qualities of a good theory

Answer 10

supported by data / falsifiable/ parsimonious

Question 11

what is parsimony

Answer 11

simple and accurate

Question 12

innductive research = hypothesis building

Answer 12

data -> evaluation -> hypotheses -> theory

Question 13

hypothetical deductive research = hypothesis testing

Answer 13

theory-> hypothesis-> data-> evaluation

Question 14

what is epistemology?

Answer 14

the theory of knowledge and the nature of knowledge. (forms of knowledge, access to knowledge, ways of acquiring and gathering knowledge)

Question 15

what is positivism?

Answer 15

emphasises empirical study of phenomena and seeks objectivity.

explains observed phenomena using general statements (cause + effect)

Question 16

what is quantitative data?

Answer 16

data that can be measured, put into categories or in rank order. in numerical form.

Question 17

criteria for good research questions (FINER)

Answer 17

Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant