wk 3

Question 1

variance

Answer 1

different performance on our measure(DV)

Question 2

treatment variance

Answer 2

differences due to what we’ve done (different conditions/treatments)

Question 3

error variance

Answer 3

differences due to other variables/factors

Question 4

ceiling effect

Answer 4

the task is too easy

Question 5

floor effect

Answer 5

the task is too hard

Question 6

Measurement sensitivity

Answer 6

The ability to detect a change if one occurs

Question 7

How to fix extraneous variables due to participant characteristics

Answer 7

Randomly assigned participants to groups if it is a between participants design

Question 8

How do extraneous variables differ from confounding variables

Answer 8

confounding variables differ systematically with aspects of the design and therefore may provide an alternative explanation of whether an affect is found or not

Question 9

Order effects

Answer 9

changes in behaviour because of ‘when’ a certain condition is completed

Question 10

Practice effects

Answer 10

participants likely to get better at a task each time they perform it

Question 11

Fatigue effects

Answer 11

If there are a number of conditions participants may get tired or bored which will affect performance

Question 12

habituation

Answer 12

Participants may become less sensitive to a stimulus through repetition

Question 13

Latin square design

Answer 13

this is used when counterbalancing variables when there are multiple conditions. E.g. 4 conditions = 24 orders.
provides a practical compromise to pure counterbalancing and the threat of order effects

Question 14

Practice trials

Answer 14

these are included to avoid contaminating the first real trials (aka experimental/ test trials)

Question 15

Randomisation

Answer 15

presents the individual trials in a random order using a computer. this helps to eliminate any systematic bias

Question 16

demand characteristics

Answer 16

participants may change their behaviour because of task instructions and perceived expectations

Question 17

pre test

Answer 17

The observation on measured before the intervention

Question 18

Experimental treatment

Answer 18

the different interventions or conditions

Question 19

Post test

Answer 19

The observation or measure after the intervention

Question 20

Maturation effects

Answer 20

participants behaviour changes over time naturally (not due to the treatment/intervention)

Question 21

History effects

Answer 21

Something changes about the participants circumstances that influences the variables. (e.g. good/bad life events)

Question 22

Testing Fx

Answer 22

having been tested before which may have changed how they do on the post test

Question 23

Passive control group

Answer 23

Participants do nothing or a meaningless task while those not in a control group go through the manipulation

Question 24

active control group

Answer 24

participants do something that they could reasonably assume might have an affect but the researchers assume doesn’t

Question 25

waitlist

Answer 25

Participants are waiting to take part in the intervention of experimental conditions and they believe that they will at some point

Question 26

attrition

Answer 26

Participants starting but not completing the study

Question 27

Differential attrition

Answer 27

When people leave in conditioner treatment more than any other

Question 28

Random group assignment

Answer 28

This can help to minimise any systematic differences as well as unsystematic. here every participant has an equal chance of being allocated to each group

Question 29

Matched groups

Answer 29

This is when participants and matched on certain characteristics such as age gender or IQ.