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IMMUNOSERO > WK15 | COVID-19 > Flashcards

WK15 | COVID-19 Flashcards

1
Q

large, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses

A

Coronaviridae

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2
Q

Four human CoVs cause ____ of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in adults.

A

10-30%

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3
Q

mild coronavirus that cause flu-like symptoms but highly transmissible

A

SARS-CoV-2

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4
Q

The virus replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and leads to upregulation of _________ as part of the host immune response.

A

pro-inflammatory cytokines

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5
Q

Animal reservoir of MERS-CoV

A

dromedaries

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6
Q

binding receptor of SARS-CoV-2

A

ACE2

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7
Q

Similar symptoms of SARS-COV-2 (along with MERS and SARS)

A

fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty in breathing.

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8
Q

MOT of SARS-CoV-2

A

droplets

contact with fomites

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9
Q

Virus can stay in an object for up to _____

A

3 days

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10
Q

This refers to transmission through people who are

infected and shedding virus, but have not and do not ever develop symptoms

A

Asymptomatic Transmission

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11
Q

Incubation period o SARS-CoV-2

A

5-6 days on average

1-14 days

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12
Q

Maximum isolation

A

14 days

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13
Q

Most common symptoms of COVID-19

A 
Fever
Cough
Fatigue
Anorexia
Shortness of breath
Myalgias
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14
Q

Less common symptoms

A 
Sore throat
Nasal congestion
GI symptoms
Headache
Loss of taste or smell
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15
Q

________ should be considered when evaluating older people or immunosuppressed people.

A

Atypical symptoms

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16
Q

True or False:

Risk factors for death is more common in females

A

False (males)

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17
Q

elevated lactate dehydrogenase

A

biomarker of tissue damage

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18
Q

Inflammation biomarker

A

elevated c-reactive protein
interleukin-6
ferritin

19
Q

elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, SGPT

A

Liver or other organ damage

20
Q

elevated cardiac troponin

A

Cardiac damage

21
Q

lymphocytopenia, elevated procalcitonin

A

infection

22
Q

Clotting disorders biomarker

A

thrombocytopenia; elevated D-dimer

23
Q

No signs of pneumonia

A

Mild disease

24
Q

Pneumonia which may or may not require hospitalization

A

Moderate disease

25
Q

Severe disease

A

Severe pneumonia requiring oxygen support and hospitalization

26
Q

Critical disease accounts for ___% of symptomatic cases

A

5%

27
Q

Clinical signs of pneumonia

A

fever
cough
dyspnea
fast breathing

28
Q

Patients (with suspected COVID-19) with pneumonia but SpO2 ____ of room air may be classified as having moderate disease.

A

≥ 90%

29
Q

Moderate diseases progress to severe disease within _____ days

A

7

30
Q

An adult/adolescent with severe pneumonia will also have one of the following:

A

respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min

severe respiratory distress

SpO2 < 90% on room air

31
Q

A child with severe pneumonia will also have one of the following:

A

entral cyanosis or SpO2 < 90%

severe respiratory distress

32
Q

Two measures can be used to assess proportion of infected individuals with fatal outcomes:

A

Infection fatality ratio

Case Fatality Ratio

33
Q

proportion of deaths among all infected

individuals

A

Infection fatality ratio

34
Q

proportion of deaths among identified confirmed cases

A

Case fatality ratio

35
Q

Case-fatality ratio and infection fatality ratio vary globally and are based on:

A

Demographics
Health care access
Methodology used to make calculation

36
Q

True or False:

Highest confirmed cases are males aged 35-40 y/o

A

False (30-34)

37
Q

Grainy imaging findings

A

ground-glass opacities

38
Q

Severe pulmonary histopathologic changes

A

Diffuse alveolar damage

Pulmonary microthrombi

39
Q

A person may access the health system at a variety of entry points

A

Screen for Covid-19

40
Q

process in which an
individual is evaluated to see if s/he
meets a standardized case definition

A

Screening

41
Q

process of sorting patients into categories based on the need for time- sensitive treatment.

A

Acuity-based triage

42
Q

evaluation of a patient for severity of disease.

A

Clinical Assessment

43
Q

Release from pathway of symptomatic patients

A

10 days after symptom onset,

plus at least 3 additional days without symptoms

IMMUNOSERO (6 decks)

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