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dev psych > WK1: Theories of development > Flashcards

WK1: Theories of development Flashcards

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1
Q

Continuous development

A

Same underlying structure, adults just have more knowledge and improved cognitive skills

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2
Q

Stage-like development

A

Have to go through different transformative stages, have to pass through each on to get to the next.

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3
Q

Nature development

A

Genetic inheritance

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4
Q

Nurture development

A

Environment and experience

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5
Q

Behaviourism = Reinforcement

A

Reinforcing desired behaviours

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6
Q

Behaviourism = Positive

A

Offering positive reward

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7
Q

Behaviourism = Negative

A

Removal of negative stimulus

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8
Q

Behaviourism = successive approximation

A

Shaping through successive approximation (e.g teaching to talk - enthusiastic about babbling encourages infant)

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9
Q

Nativism

A
  • Genetically pre-determined
  • Innate understanding to learn and produce language
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10
Q

Critical periods

A

Certain times early in life when experiences strongly influence development, like imprinting in birds

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11
Q

Biological preparedness

A

Being naturally inclined to learn certain things due to biological factors, such as humans being biologically ready to learn language during childhood.

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12
Q

Innate and universial

A

Instinctive behavioursthat are present from birth, common across different cultures.

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13
Q

Maturational unfolding

A

Genetically determined developmental progression

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14
Q

Attachment = Bowlby and Ainsworth

A

Psychologists who studied attachment, the emotional bond between caregivers and infants.

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15
Q

Attachment = Maturational control

A

Attachment follows a natural course of development, guided by biological factor.

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16
Q

Attachment = Disruption of process

A

Interference with the natural development of attachment can have harmful effects.

17
Q

Attachment = separational distress

A

Emotional distress experienced when separated from a primary caregiver, supporting Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory.

18
Q

Attachment = Long term seperation and PIES

A

Long-term separation from caregivers can cause delays in these aspects of development.

19
Q

Contructivism

A
  • emphasizes active participation and the construction of knowledge by individuals

dev psych (15 decks)

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