WK1: Theories of development Flashcards
Continuous development
Same underlying structure, adults just have more knowledge and improved cognitive skills
Stage-like development
Have to go through different transformative stages, have to pass through each on to get to the next.
Nature development
Genetic inheritance
Nurture development
Environment and experience
Behaviourism = Reinforcement
Reinforcing desired behaviours
Behaviourism = Positive
Offering positive reward
Behaviourism = Negative
Removal of negative stimulus
Behaviourism = successive approximation
Shaping through successive approximation (e.g teaching to talk - enthusiastic about babbling encourages infant)
Nativism
- Genetically pre-determined
- Innate understanding to learn and produce language
Critical periods
Certain times early in life when experiences strongly influence development, like imprinting in birds
Biological preparedness
Being naturally inclined to learn certain things due to biological factors, such as humans being biologically ready to learn language during childhood.
Innate and universial
Instinctive behavioursthat are present from birth, common across different cultures.
Maturational unfolding
Genetically determined developmental progression
Attachment = Bowlby and Ainsworth
Psychologists who studied attachment, the emotional bond between caregivers and infants.
Attachment = Maturational control
Attachment follows a natural course of development, guided by biological factor.
