Wk 7 & 8 Organisational Psych Flashcards
What is organisational psych?
science of
people at work
Approx how much time do we spend at work
1/3 of our life
What is the focus in organisational psych?
creating environments and developing
strategies that are intended to prevent deteriorations in psychological health
What makes organisational psych an interdisciplinary field?
it relates to more than one branch of knowledge e.g. social psych, learning, motivation, etc
What are the historical impetus for organisational psych as a discipline
-industrialisation
-rapid production WWI
-great depression
-advanced techs WWII
-expanding economies
-complex orgs
-contemporary I/O
What is role theory?
focused on understanding how individuals’ roles and position expectations influenced their behavior and interactions within organizations
What are 5 concepts of role theory
-role expectations
-role conflict
-role ambiguity
-socialization
-impact of social norms on role behavior
What is Taylorism?
scientific methods of understanding how to increase efficiency
What is another term for Taylorism?
Principles of Scientific Management
What are the principles of scientific management?
-The development of a true science of work
-The scientific selection of the employees
-The scientific training and development of employees
-Friendly cooperation between management and employees
What was the roles of organisational psych in WWI?
-Expansion of the factory population
-Changes in the role of women in the workforce
-Demands for output
What was the goal of the Hawthorne Studies?
to test the relationship between work productivity and light intensity
What was the outcome of the Hawthorne studies?
if employees are not actively involved or engaged in a decision or change at work, they tend to view most changes in a positive way. This positive outlook can boost their internal motivation, leading to better performance
What is the difference between trait and state approaches to leadership?
-trait= predisposition towards a style of leadership
-state= determined
to a large extent by the demands of the situation
What is the goal of human factors in enabling human performance?
Optimising the relationship between users and the tools and
systems with which they interact
What were the top motivators for workers since WWII (1945)
-appreciation for work done
-interesting work
-good wages and job security
What is goal-setting theory?
goals that are clear, specific, and challenging are more motivating than vague goals or easy goals
What are the 4 implications to goal setting theory?
- Individuals must have the ability to perform the task
- Material incentives may improve performance
- Participatory decision-making in goal-setting is no more effective than
assigned goals - People who are confident in their ability to perform a task are more likely
to be successful (self-efficacy)
What is the person-organisation fit?
how aligned a person’s core values, beliefs, ethics and purpose are to those of the organisation
What are the contributions to the person-organisation fit?
-personality
-cognitive ability
-knowledge
-attitudes
-skills
What are the 5 developments of personality in the workplace
-‘Self-concept’: James
-‘Sentiment’: McDougal
-‘Ego’: Freud
-‘Prioprium’: Allport
-‘Extraversion/ Introversion’: Eysenck
What is transformational leadership theory?
Transforms
aspirations, desires,
and beliefs
What are the outcomes of transformational leadership?
-High job performance
-High job satisfaction’
-High organisational commitment
-Low intention of resigning
What are the elements of the big 5 Personality?
-openness to experience
-conscientiousness
-extraversion
-neuroticism
-agreeableness
