Wk 7 & 8 Organisational Psych

Question 1

What is organisational psych?

Answer 1

science of
people at work

Question 2

Approx how much time do we spend at work

Answer 2

1/3 of our life

Question 3

What is the focus in organisational psych?

Answer 3

creating environments and developing
strategies that are intended to prevent deteriorations in psychological health

Question 4

What makes organisational psych an interdisciplinary field?

Answer 4

it relates to more than one branch of knowledge e.g. social psych, learning, motivation, etc

Question 5

What are the historical impetus for organisational psych as a discipline

Answer 5

-industrialisation
-rapid production WWI
-great depression
-advanced techs WWII
-expanding economies
-complex orgs
-contemporary I/O

Question 6

What is role theory?

Answer 6

focused on understanding how individuals’ roles and position expectations influenced their behavior and interactions within organizations

Question 7

What are 5 concepts of role theory

Answer 7

-role expectations
-role conflict
-role ambiguity
-socialization
-impact of social norms on role behavior

Question 8

What is Taylorism?

Answer 8

scientific methods of understanding how to increase efficiency

Question 9

What is another term for Taylorism?

Answer 9

Principles of Scientific Management

Question 10

What are the principles of scientific management?

Answer 10

-The development of a true science of work
-The scientific selection of the employees
-The scientific training and development of employees
-Friendly cooperation between management and employees

Question 11

What was the roles of organisational psych in WWI?

Answer 11

-Expansion of the factory population
-Changes in the role of women in the workforce
-Demands for output

Question 12

What was the goal of the Hawthorne Studies?

Answer 12

to test the relationship between work productivity and light intensity

Question 13

What was the outcome of the Hawthorne studies?

Answer 13

if employees are not actively involved or engaged in a decision or change at work, they tend to view most changes in a positive way. This positive outlook can boost their internal motivation, leading to better performance

Question 14

What is the difference between trait and state approaches to leadership?

Answer 14

-trait= predisposition towards a style of leadership
-state= determined
to a large extent by the demands of the situation

Question 15

What is the goal of human factors in enabling human performance?

Answer 15

Optimising the relationship between users and the tools and
systems with which they interact

Question 16

What were the top motivators for workers since WWII (1945)

Answer 16

-appreciation for work done
-interesting work
-good wages and job security

Question 17

What is goal-setting theory?

Answer 17

goals that are clear, specific, and challenging are more motivating than vague goals or easy goals

Question 18

What are the 4 implications to goal setting theory?

Answer 18

1. Individuals must have the ability to perform the task
2. Material incentives may improve performance
3. Participatory decision-making in goal-setting is no more effective than
   assigned goals
4. People who are confident in their ability to perform a task are more likely
   to be successful (self-efficacy)

Question 19

What is the person-organisation fit?

Answer 19

how aligned a person’s core values, beliefs, ethics and purpose are to those of the organisation

Question 20

What are the contributions to the person-organisation fit?

Answer 20

-personality
-cognitive ability
-knowledge
-attitudes
-skills

Question 21

What are the 5 developments of personality in the workplace

Answer 21

-‘Self-concept’: James
-‘Sentiment’: McDougal
-‘Ego’: Freud
-‘Prioprium’: Allport
-‘Extraversion/ Introversion’: Eysenck

Question 22

What is transformational leadership theory?

Answer 22

Transforms
aspirations, desires,
and beliefs

Question 23

What are the outcomes of transformational leadership?

Answer 23

-High job performance
-High job satisfaction’
-High organisational commitment
-Low intention of resigning

Question 24

What are the elements of the big 5 Personality?

Answer 24

-openness to experience
-conscientiousness
-extraversion
-neuroticism
-agreeableness

Question 25

What are 7 occupational hazards

Answer 25

-heat
-vibration
-cold
-noise
-workload
-fatigue
-morale

Question 26

What are 3 occupational pathogenic (causing disease) diseases?

Answer 26

-asbestosis
-black lung disease
-lead poisoning

Question 27

What are 2 occupational ergonomic diseases?

Answer 27

-carpal tunnel syndrome
-tendinitis

Question 28

What are 5 occupational psychological diseases?

Answer 28

-chronic stress
-irritable bowel syndrome
-post traumatic stress
-depression
-anxiety

Question 29

What is occupational health psychology?

Answer 29

Psychological factors that contribute to occupational health and wellbeing

Question 30

What are the 5 most hazardous industries in Australia?

Answer 30

1. transport, postal, warehousing
2. agriculture
3. construction
4. manufacturing
5. mining

Question 31

What are the 3 types of consequences of occupational hazards?

Answer 31

-immediate
-short-term
-long-term

Question 32

Why is there difficulty in managing occupational safety in developing nations?

Answer 32

-A minority of workers is employed in the formal sector
-Public health registries are limited or non-existent
-Extrapolations from developed nations is problematic
-Employer cost data are incomplete and poorly maintained
-Care is often unpaid (family) and therefore un-costed

Question 33

What are the 3 human errors?

Answer 33

-perception
-decision
-response

Question 34

What is percpetion error?

Answer 34

attention: “i didnt see it”

Question 35

What is decision error?

Answer 35

mistake: “i thought that it would”

Question 36

What is response error?

Answer 36

slip: “i hit the wrong”

Question 37

What are the two ways of identifying error?

Answer 37

-error taxonomies
-accident statistics

Question 38

What are error taxonomies?

Answer 38

classifies error

Question 39

What are accident statistics?

Answer 39

analysis of trends

Question 40

What are the three patterns of human error?

Answer 40

-sporadic
-systematic
-random

Question 41

What are the 3 individual differences in human error?

Answer 41

-accident proneness
-attitudes
-risk perception

Question 42

3 ways of managing error in managerial systems

Answer 42

-selection
-training
-design

Question 43

who’s responsibility is it for occupational health and safety?

Answer 43

joint responsibility
(individual and management)

Question 44

What methods can you use to diagnose the route cause of issues?

Answer 44

-staff surveys
-interviewing staff
-observing staff as they work

Question 45

What is role uncertainty and ambiguity?

Answer 45

lack of information and therefore missing
clarity in a specific job position

Question 46

What is role conflict?

Answer 46

person is
confronted with two or more conflicting
or opposing role expectations

Question 47

What are the two different role conflicts?

Answer 47

-conflicting order or tasks
-professional values

Question 48

What are some problems that can be identified when in the problem formation stage?

Answer 48

-Possible inter-group conflict
-Distorted thinking (e.g., over-generalisation)
-Concerns about job insecurity
-Uncertainty and loss of control
-Conflict with professional values

Question 49

What are some intervention strategies?

Answer 49

-Group-based training (e.g., resilience training)
-Coaching (e.g., one-on-one sessions to facilitate employee development)
-Facilitating discussion among employees
-Organisational-level interventions (e.g., modifying workplace practices)