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Intro to Psych 1102 > Wk 5 & 6 Social Psych > Flashcards

Wk 5 & 6 Social Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social psych?

A

The study of how people influence others’
behaviour, beliefs and attitudes

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2
Q

What are attitudes?

A

Favourable or unfavourable evaluative
reactions towards an object or person

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3
Q

attitude evaluations can be ABC:

A

Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive

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4
Q

How are attitudes formed?

A

-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
-imitation

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5
Q

What is Bem’s Self-Perception Theory?

A

We infer our attitudes
from our behaviour

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6
Q

Functions of attitudes

A

-cognitive consistency
-balance theory

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7
Q

what is cognitive consistency?

A

people try to maintain an
internal consistency, order and agreement between
their beliefs

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8
Q

What is balance theory?

A

explains how we often adjust our feelings and beliefs to keep our relationships and thoughts in a state of balance and consistency

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9
Q

What are the 3 elements in balance theory

A

person
other
attitude object

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10
Q

A balances triad equals:

A

odd number of positive relationships

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11
Q

In balance theory why is there motivation to create tension?

A

unbalanced triads create tension

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12
Q

What is the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes?

A

implicit:
-automatic
-non-conscious
-difficult to change
explicit:
-conscious
-easier to change
-social desirability

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13
Q

implicit attitudes and prejudice involve

A

cultural conceptions of race and sex stereotypes learned from an early age

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14
Q

what does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?

A

the strength of associations between concepts and evaluations or stereotypes to reveal an individual’s hidden or subconscious biases.

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15
Q

How does the IAT work?

A

requires you to sort words and/or pictures into categories according to a set of rules

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16
Q

What is the attitude-behaviour link?

A

assumption that attitudes predict behaviour

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17
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

assumes that individuals act rationally, according to their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

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18
Q

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

A

feeling of discomfort
caused by performing an action that is
inconsistent with one’s attitudes

19
Q

What is Insufficient justification & dissonance

A

when people do something without much external motivation (like a reward or a threat), they might feel a bit uncomfortable if the activity doesn’t match their personal preferences or beliefs. To ease this discomfort, they create their own internal motivation or reason for doing it.

20
Q

What does cognitive dissonance underlie?

A

The Ben Franklin Effect

21
Q

What is the Ben Franklin Effect?

A

“He that has once done you a
kindness will be more ready to do
you another, than he whom you
yourself have obliged”

22
Q

What does Amnesic mean?

A

represents a selective type of memory dysfunction whereby recent personal memories cannot be recalled.

23
Q

What is persuasion?

A

Message intended to change an attitude
and related behaviour of an audience

24
Q

What was the persuasion tactic of the Hare Krishna Society?

A

before solicitating donation, gave person gift

25
Q

Why did the persuasion tactic of the Hare Krishna Society effective?

A

invokes principle of reciprocity

26
Q

What is the Message-Learning (Yale) approach to
persuasion?

A

persuasive contexts question a recipient’s initial attitude, recommend the adoption of a new attitude, and provide incentives for attending to, the new rather than the initial attitude.

27
Q

What are the stages of attitude change in the Message-Learning (Yale) approach to
persuasion

A
  1. Attend to the message: People must pay attention to the message.
  2. Comprehend the message: They need to understand the message.
  3. Accept the message: Finally, they must agree with the message.
28
Q

In the Message-Learning approach, what are the factors influencing persuasion?

A

– source variables
– message variables (incl. medium/channel
variables)
– target/audience variables

29
Q

What are source variables?

A

-attractiveness
-high vs. low credibility

30
Q

What are message variables?

A

-vivid info is generally more persuasive
-fear appeals
-humour increases attention
-repetition
-medium (visual is better than audio)

31
Q

What are audience variables?

A

-self-esteem
-mood

32
Q

what is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

A

Two routes to persuasion:
– Central route
– Peripheral route

33
Q

What is the central route to persuasion?

A

-able & motivated
(scrutinize arguments and information in the message before making a decision. Leads to lasting and deep-seated attitude changes.)

34
Q

What is the peripheral route to persuasion?

A

-unable or unwilling
(rely on shortcuts like the source’s attractiveness or simple cues to make quick decisions. Results in more temporary attitude changes.)

35
Q

what are nudges?

A

behavioural interventions that encourage
desirable behaviour without restricting choice or
changing economic incentives.

36
Q

What nudge worked best with the COVID-19 vaccinations?

A

-Ownership reminder:
COVID-19 vaccine has just been made
available to you

rather than

-Basic reminder:
you can get the COVID-19 vaccine at UCLA
Health

37
Q

What is compliance?

A

behavioural
response to a request
from another person

38
Q

What are 5 factors in enhancing compliance?

A
  1. reciprocity
  2. Social Proof and uncertainty
  3. Flattery
  4. Scarcity
  5. Consistency
39
Q

What is conformity?

A

change in behaviour or belief in
accord with others

40
Q

Why is normative social influence so powerful?

A

causes people to do things that they would not do if they had not joined the group

41
Q

Why do people conform to normative social influence?

A

don’t want to be “punished” by the group

42
Q

What are some factors affecting conformity on Asch’s task?

A

-group size
-one dissenter
-previous exposure to non-conformity
-anonymity

43
Q

What was involved in Milgram’s obedience study?

A

a psychological experiment, where participants (teachers) were instructed to deliver electric shocks to another person (the learner) whenever they answered questions incorrectly.

44
Q

What are some variations of Milgram’s obedience study?

A

-victims distance
-closeness and legitimacy of authority
-institutional authority
-getting someone else to give shocks

Intro to Psych 1102 (7 decks)

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