Wk 5 & 6 Social Psych

Question 1

What is social psych?

Answer 1

The study of how people influence others’
behaviour, beliefs and attitudes

Question 2

What are attitudes?

Answer 2

Favourable or unfavourable evaluative
reactions towards an object or person

Question 3

attitude evaluations can be ABC:

Answer 3

Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive

Question 4

How are attitudes formed?

Answer 4

-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning
-imitation

Question 5

What is Bem’s Self-Perception Theory?

Answer 5

We infer our attitudes
from our behaviour

Question 6

Functions of attitudes

Answer 6

-cognitive consistency
-balance theory

Question 7

what is cognitive consistency?

Answer 7

people try to maintain an
internal consistency, order and agreement between
their beliefs

Question 8

What is balance theory?

Answer 8

explains how we often adjust our feelings and beliefs to keep our relationships and thoughts in a state of balance and consistency

Question 9

What are the 3 elements in balance theory

Answer 9

person
other
attitude object

Question 10

A balances triad equals:

Answer 10

odd number of positive relationships

Question 11

In balance theory why is there motivation to create tension?

Answer 11

unbalanced triads create tension

Question 12

What is the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes?

Answer 12

implicit:
-automatic
-non-conscious
-difficult to change
explicit:
-conscious
-easier to change
-social desirability

Question 13

implicit attitudes and prejudice involve

Answer 13

cultural conceptions of race and sex stereotypes learned from an early age

Question 14

what does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?

Answer 14

the strength of associations between concepts and evaluations or stereotypes to reveal an individual’s hidden or subconscious biases.

Question 15

How does the IAT work?

Answer 15

requires you to sort words and/or pictures into categories according to a set of rules

Question 16

What is the attitude-behaviour link?

Answer 16

assumption that attitudes predict behaviour

Question 17

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 17

assumes that individuals act rationally, according to their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

Question 18

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

Answer 18

feeling of discomfort
caused by performing an action that is
inconsistent with one’s attitudes

Question 19

What is Insufficient justification & dissonance

Answer 19

when people do something without much external motivation (like a reward or a threat), they might feel a bit uncomfortable if the activity doesn’t match their personal preferences or beliefs. To ease this discomfort, they create their own internal motivation or reason for doing it.

Question 20

What does cognitive dissonance underlie?

Answer 20

The Ben Franklin Effect

Question 21

What is the Ben Franklin Effect?

Answer 21

“He that has once done you a
kindness will be more ready to do
you another, than he whom you
yourself have obliged”

Question 22

What does Amnesic mean?

Answer 22

represents a selective type of memory dysfunction whereby recent personal memories cannot be recalled.

Question 23

What is persuasion?

Answer 23

Message intended to change an attitude
and related behaviour of an audience

Question 24

What was the persuasion tactic of the Hare Krishna Society?

Answer 24

before solicitating donation, gave person gift

Question 25

Why did the persuasion tactic of the Hare Krishna Society effective?

Answer 25

invokes principle of reciprocity

Question 26

What is the Message-Learning (Yale) approach to persuasion?

Answer 26

persuasive contexts question a recipient's initial attitude, recommend the adoption of a new attitude, and provide incentives for attending to, the new rather than the initial attitude.

Question 27

What are the stages of attitude change in the Message-Learning (Yale) approach to persuasion

Answer 27

1. Attend to the message: People must pay attention to the message. 2. Comprehend the message: They need to understand the message. 3. Accept the message: Finally, they must agree with the message.

Question 28

In the Message-Learning approach, what are the factors influencing persuasion?

Answer 28

– source variables – message variables (incl. medium/channel variables) – target/audience variables

Question 29

What are source variables?

Answer 29

-attractiveness -high vs. low credibility

Question 30

What are message variables?

Answer 30

-vivid info is generally more persuasive -fear appeals -humour increases attention -repetition -medium (visual is better than audio)

Question 31

What are audience variables?

Answer 31

-self-esteem -mood

Question 32

what is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Answer 32

Two routes to persuasion: – Central route – Peripheral route

Question 33

What is the central route to persuasion?

Answer 33

-able & motivated (scrutinize arguments and information in the message before making a decision. Leads to lasting and deep-seated attitude changes.)

Question 34

What is the peripheral route to persuasion?

Answer 34

-unable or unwilling (rely on shortcuts like the source's attractiveness or simple cues to make quick decisions. Results in more temporary attitude changes.)

Question 35

what are nudges?

Answer 35

behavioural interventions that encourage desirable behaviour without restricting choice or changing economic incentives.

Question 36

What nudge worked best with the COVID-19 vaccinations?

Answer 36

-Ownership reminder: COVID-19 vaccine has just been made available to you rather than -Basic reminder: you can get the COVID-19 vaccine at UCLA Health

Question 37

What is compliance?

Answer 37

behavioural response to a request from another person

Question 38

What are 5 factors in enhancing compliance?

Answer 38

1. reciprocity 2. Social Proof and uncertainty 3. Flattery 4. Scarcity 5. Consistency

Question 39

What is conformity?

Answer 39

change in behaviour or belief in accord with others

Question 40

Why is normative social influence so powerful?

Answer 40

causes people to do things that they would not do if they had not joined the group

Question 41

Why do people conform to normative social influence?

Answer 41

don’t want to be “punished” by the group

Question 42

What are some factors affecting conformity on Asch's task?

Answer 42

-group size -one dissenter -previous exposure to non-conformity -anonymity

Question 43

What was involved in Milgram's obedience study?

Answer 43

a psychological experiment, where participants (teachers) were instructed to deliver electric shocks to another person (the learner) whenever they answered questions incorrectly.

Question 44

What are some variations of Milgram's obedience study?

Answer 44

-victims distance -closeness and legitimacy of authority -institutional authority -getting someone else to give shocks