Wk 6.1 Doing Psych Flashcards
research interviews in qualitative research
popular qualitative method of data collection in psych research
allows participants to answer in own way - not questionnaire with fixed q’s and answers
what we get from qualitative research interviews (5 things)
- participants own languages
- discover what interviewee wants to talk about
- open new areas not anticipated
- sense of life of interviewees
- empowering / giving voice
quantitative research interview
- fixed set of questions
- short specific questions with predetermined categories
- fixed order
- no improvisation
- formal
qualitative research interview (5 things)
- guiding interview
- allows interviewee to develop unexpected themes
- order not important
- probing
- attempt to establish rapport
focus groups structure (4 things)
group interviews
researcher = facilitator
usually common characteristic
flexible schedule of questions
interview schedule general guidelines (5 things)
- produce schedule according to RQ
- decide on themes/areas of topic
- sequence themes in logical order
- for each theme design questions + order them
- leave personal questions towards end
interview style questions guidelines (7 things)
- start with opening up/general q’s
- open-ended q’s with problems
- prepare prompts
- use cues as continues
- simple, common sense q’s
- non-leading, two-in-one, non-threatening
- close interview with closing quetion
sample size
big random/representative sample for quantitative
small carefully selected for qualitative (non-representative)
purposive/theoretical sampling
selecting people on basis of their relevance to RQ
snowballing sampling
use of networks to locate people who fit criteria
convenience sampling
locating group of people asap to maximise convenience and minimise cost - friends, colleagues, students etc.
ethics (4 things)
- professional codes + BPD ethical guidelines
- consent from institutions/participants
- reveal research aim (info sheet)
- establish: withdraw of participants/confidentiality/anonymity/right to publish findings/data protection/safety etc.
research info leaflet (5 things)
- researcher, project, interview questions, level of intrusion, sensitive topics
- how long interview should take
- right of interviewee not to answer/to withdraw any time
- what will happen to info
- level of confidentiality
benefits of project
planning the interview (3)
- test schedule before - practice delivering and responding to questions
- where and how
- how are you recording
transcribing the interview - 2 methods
within 12 hours to maximise recall
orthographic: thematic analysis
grounded theory
interpretative phenomenological analysis
narrative
jefferson: discursive psych
conversation analysis
orthographic transcription (4 things)
what was said word-for-word
with/without punc.
including identification of each speaker
no indication of non-linguistic cues
non-linguistic transcription (3 things)
indication of pauses, mms, volume, stresses, prolongation of syllables, overlaps, laughter
- identification of each speaker
- indication of extra-linguistic features e.g. gestures, expression of face, direction of gaze (audio-video/focus groups)
structured , semi-structure and unstructured interviews
structured: q and a’s categories are predetermined - quantitative research
semi-structured: list of q’s but wants participants to raise issues that researcher has not anticipated - qualitative research
unstructured - list of themes/topics, strongly participant led
strengths of face to face qualitative interviews
- rich + detailed data about individual experiences/perspectives
- flexible: can probe + ask unplanned 1’s
- smaller samples needed
- ideal for sensitive issues
- accessible: vulnerable groups/learning disabilities
- researcher control over data produced
limitations of face to face qualitative interviews
- time consuming
- lack of breadth because of smaller sample
- not ideal for sensitive issues
- lack of anonymity
- not always empowering for participants
