Week 3 Memory and Amnesia Flashcards
definition of amnesia
acquired impairment of explicit long term mem
two types of amnesia + causes
neurogenic - brain lesions
psychogenic - psych factors
anterograde amnesia
Impaired recall/recognition of facts/personal episodes after brain damage
retrograde amnesia
Impaired recall/recognition of memories of facts/personal episodes before brain damage
what memory impaired/spared in amnesia
short-term + implicit learning + mem preserved
some long-term can be spared e.g. procedural/semantic
global amnesia
combined verbal and non-verbal mem disorder
pure amnesia
absence of associated cog impairments
affects recall and recognition
causes of amnesia
traumatic head injury (concussion)
stroke (ischemia)
substance abuse / alcoholism
alzheimer’s
vitamin deficiency / malnutrition
stress
diff between STM and LTM
STM - mem for info currently in mind + limited
LTM _ stored info not always consciously accessible, virtually unlimited
declarative LTM and two subgroups
declarative - explicit
two types:
events (episodic, personal exp)
facts (semantic, knowledge)
non-declarative LTM + 4 subgroups
implicit
4 types:
procedural (motor/cog skills)
perceptual representation system (perceptual priming)
classical conditioning (conditioned responses between 2 stim)
non-associative learning (habituation sensitization)
who was HM + disease + therapy
suffered epilepsy in 50s
radical therapy involving temporal lobectomy surgery to remove temporal lobes bilaterally, including hippocampus
what happened to HM post-surgery
severe anterograde amnesia caused by medial temporal damage
double dissociation
2 related mental processes shown to function independently
case KC + parts that were damaged + impact on memory
motorcycle accident = widespread brain damage
large bilateral hippocampal lesions
sharp dissociation between intact semantic and impaired episodic mem
why does location of brain damage impact the resulting deficit
different areas = different aspects of mem
diff lesions = diff patterns of spared/impaired mem functions
what lesions result in episodic mem loss
hippocampal formation
what lesions result in semantic mem loss
parahippocampal region
how are declarative mem systems tested
intentional recollection
recall/recognition tasks
how are non declarative memory systems tested
performance in priming tasks
how are non declarative memory systems tested
performance in priming tasks
what elements of mem linked to frontal lobes
prefrontal cortex of frontal lobes = maintenance/manipulation of info
short term working mem
encoding, retrieval, evaluation of info stored in long term
patients with PFC lesions = disorganized mem
what are confabulations following PFC damage?
false/self-contradictory mems patients beleive are real
associated with damage to diff regions than in classical amnesia
