Wk 3 Part 4: Online Lecture Flashcards
What are 5 core strategies of qualitative inquiry (Analysis & Reporting Strategies)?
- Unique case orientation
- Inductive analysis and creative synthesis
- Holistic perspective
- Context sensitivity
- Reflexivity: perspective & voice
What are 3 characteristics for planning for rigour?
- Apply a thorough and appropriate approach
- Prepare from the beginning to write up a rigorous study
- Not internal validity of quantitative research methods
What are 4 examples of enhancing rigour?
- Reflexivity - being aware of impact of researchers’ attitudes, their power and influence; accounting for mistakes and insights
- Member checking or respondent validation
- Peer review of data analysis / consensus coding
- Triangulation (e.g., data sources, sites, types of data, data analysts)
What are 4 features in the trustworthiness of qualitative data?
- Credibility
- Do the study’s conclusions “ring true” for the people studied … qualitative researchers hope that participants will react like this to the study’s findings “Yeah, that’s right, but I hadn’t thought about it in that way.”
- Dependability
- Are the observations dependable? External checks must make the researcher’s process trackable – i.e., an outsider must be able to see how a researcher went from point A to point B to point C in the interpretive process.
- Confirmability
- Are the conclusions the result of the phenomenon under study rather than the biases of the researcher … data must be traceable to their sources.
- Transferability
- Qualitative researchers aim to provide a detailed description of the setting or group under study – if the researcher has successfully provided a rich description, readers can judge for
- themselves whether and how the researcher’s analysis is relevant to them.
What is credibility in the trustworthiness of qualitative data?
Do the study’s conclusions “ring true” for the people studied … qualitative researchers hope that participants will react like this to the study’s findings “Yeah, that’s right, but I hadn’t thought about it in that way.”
What is dependability in the trustworthiness of qualitative data?
Are the observations dependable? External checks must make the researcher’s proces trackable – i.e., an outsider must be able to see how a researcher went from point A to point B to point C in the interpretive process.
What is confirmability in the trustworthiness of qualitative data?
Are the conclusions the result of the phenomenon under study rather than the biases of the researcher … data must be traceable to their sources.
What is transferability in the trustworthiness of qualitative data?
Qualitative researchers aim to provide a detailed description of the setting or group under study – if the researcher has successfully provided a rich description, readers can judge for themselves whether and how the researcher’s analysis is relevant to them.
What are 7 questions to ask yourself about the rigour of data analysis?
- How were themes, concepts and categories generated from the data?
- Was analysis computer-assisted (and, if so, how)?
- Who was involved in the analysis and in what manner?
- What steps were taken to guard against selectivity of data presented?
- Present all information
- Are the data triangulated with information from other sources, where appropriate?
- If more than one person was involved in the analysis (i.e., another sort of triangulation), how was consistency between interpretations achieved?
- Not just one person’s perspective
- Have the researchers examined their own role, any possible bias and influence on the research (reflexivity)?
What are 3 additional strategies for analytical rigour?
- Paper trail make decisions transparent – in researcher’s log or memos
- Consult with participants (e.g., member checking), or non-participants experts (e.g., methodology advisor, expert in a culture).
- Each qualitative analysis method has some similarities and some differences (e.g., data saturation in grounded theory), and although it is rare to have a pure form of analysis, you will need to justify your process with reference to the literature.
What are 3 types of log/diary for researchers?
- Track recruitment, interviews, transcriptions, record field notes, write analytic memos through to analysis
- Field notes record observations and describe aspects of the field impacting data collection (e.g., interruptions, dominant informants in a focus group)
- Memos aid data analysis by recording your thoughts and ideas (e.g., comparisons, depth of feeling in response to a topic, novel ideas prompted by reflection of one or more transcripts, ways of representing your findings).
- Can also use Evernote program - sync mobile, computer and laptop
What are 7 features to reflect on in the role as a researcher?
- Qualitative researchers acknowledge and embrace “personal bias” in their study designs.
- Unlike quantitative researchers who aim to eliminate bias, qualitative researchers believe that bias is always present.
- A researcher brings a particular worldview to the research questions asked, as well as the design of the project, as does a community or industry partner, as does a participant who engages in the project.
- Attempting to eliminate bias is artificial, as the nature of reality and the social construction of knowledge means that biases shape every stage of research.
- For a qualitative project to be trustworthy, it must ensure that the participants’ views are the ones that drive findings.
- Researchers need to name and understand their biases to see how their beliefs may affect the study design and results.
- In qualitative researcher, reflection is known as “reflexivity”
What is reflexivity? What are 3 characteristics?
- Reflection in qualitative research typically takes the form of a “reflective journal”, where the author provides an inside view of the project, making connections between theory and practice.
- This personal narrative highlights the value of reflexivity both during and after a study.
- Getting ideas down when they occur is actually the beginning of analysis
What is an essential point for qualitative data analysis?
- There are no outliers in qualitative research!
- Understanding unique experiences and perceptions of all participants provides nuances, light and shade, realistic complexity.
- For example, why did one participant have “good” experience while 10 had a “dreadful,” “horrible” “unpleasant,” “painful” or “negative” experience? How can one experience be used to improve overall experiences in future?
What are 4 features in the research proposal?
- Background
- Aims
- Methods
- Ethical considerations
