Wk 1 Respiratory & Oxygenation Flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis
↓pH/↑PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes
Respiratory Alkalosis
↑pH/↓PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes
Metabolic Acidosis
↓pH/↓HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Anion gap
- Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis
↑pH/↑HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Causes
Hyponatremia
<135
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management
Hypernatremia
> 145
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management
Hypokalemia
<3.5
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management
Hyperkalemia
> 5.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management
Hypocalcemia
<9.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management
Hypercalcemia
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management
Hypermagnesemia
- Causes
- Manifestations
- Management
Hypomagnesemia
- Causes
- Manifestations
- Management
Hypotonic fluids
- Fluids <0.9%
- “Hippo”; cells swell
- Indications
- Monitor
Isotonic fluids
- D5W, 0.9% NaCl, LR
- Indications
Hypertonic fluids
- Fluids >0.9%
- Pulls fluid out of cells
Respiratory failure medications: Sedatives
- Benzodiazepines: Lorazepam
+ Action
+ Use
+ Nursing intervention - General anesthesia: Propofol
+ Action
+ Use
+ Administration
+ RN role
Respiratory failure medications: Neuromuscular blocking agent
- Vecuronium (-curonium), succinylcholine
Respiratory failure medications: Opioid analgesics
Morphine, Fentanyl
- Action
- Nursing coniderations
- Antidote
Respiratory failure medications: Corticosteroids
IV Methylprednisolone, IV Dexamethasone
Respiratory failure medications: Antibiotics
Vancomycin
Respiratory failure medications: Anti-ulcer medications
- Sucralfate
- H2 blockers (Famotidine)
Acute Respiratory Failure
- Causes
- Hypoxemic v. Hypercapnic RF
- Manifestations
+ Early & late signs - 4 Physiologic mechanisms
- Diagnostic studies
- Nursing management
- What to observe
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
A sudden & progressive form of ARF where alveolar-capillary membrane becomes damaged & more permeable to intravascular fluid
- Causes
+ Direct v. Indirect - Pathophysiology
+ Injury/Exudative phase
+ Reparative/Proliferative phase
+ Fibrotic/Fibroproliferative phase - Manifestations
+ Severe ARDS
+ ARDS - Diagnostic studies
- Complications
- Nursing management
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Continuous positive pressure (CPAP)
- BiPAP
- Nursing considerations
Endotracheal tube/Intubation procedure
- Indications
- RN role
- Preparation
- Equipment
- Action prior to intubation
- Intubation process
+ Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
+ Inflate cuff & confirm placement
+ After ET placement (DOPE)
Mechanical Ventilation
- Indications
+ Unplanned v. Planned
+ Other - Assessments
- Nursing care
- Alarms
- Complications
Mechanical Ventilation Settings
- FiO2
- Respiratory rate (RR)
- Tidal volume (VT)
- Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- Pressure support
Mechanical Ventilation Modes
- Assist control (AC)
- Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
- Pressure-support CPAP mode
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage of ≥1 pulmonary arteries by a thrombus, fat/air embolus, or tumor tissue
- Causes
- Risk factors
- Assessments & S/S
- Diagnostics
- Interventions
- Management
+ Medications
+ Procedures
Pneumothorax & Hemothorax
- Causes
- Assessments
- Interventions
- Types of Pneumothorax
+ Open, close, & tension
Chest Tubes
- Indications
- Pre-placement s/s
- Nursing procedure role
- 3 compartments
+ Collecting/Drainage
+ Water-seal
+ Suction control - Assessment
- Positioning
- Apply suction
- Nursing management
+ Prepare drainage unit
+ Reportable findings
+ Monitor/observe
+ Nursing interventions
+ Chest tube removal
Flail Chest
Results from fracture of several consecutive ribs, in ≥2 separate places => Unstable segment
- Goal
- Clinical manifestations
- Management
