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N480 Critical Care > Wk 1 Respiratory & Oxygenation > Flashcards

Wk 1 Respiratory & Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

↓pH/↑PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes

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2
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

↑pH/↓PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes

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3
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

↓pH/↓HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Anion gap
- Causes

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4
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

↑pH/↑HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Causes

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5
Q

Hyponatremia

A

<135
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management

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6
Q

Hypernatremia

A

> 145
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management

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7
Q

Hypokalemia

A

<3.5
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

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8
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

> 5.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

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9
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

<9.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

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10
Q

Hypercalcemia

A
  • Causes
  • Manifestations
  • ECG changes
  • Management
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11
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A
  • Causes
  • Manifestations
  • Management
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12
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A
  • Causes
  • Manifestations
  • Management
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13
Q

Hypotonic fluids

A
  • Fluids <0.9%
  • “Hippo”; cells swell
  • Indications
  • Monitor
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14
Q

Isotonic fluids

A
  • D5W, 0.9% NaCl, LR
  • Indications
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15
Q

Hypertonic fluids

A
  • Fluids >0.9%
  • Pulls fluid out of cells
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16
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Sedatives

A
  • Benzodiazepines: Lorazepam
  • General anesthesia: Propofol
17
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Neuromuscular blocking agent

A
  • Vecuronium (-curonium), succinylcholine
18
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Opioid analgesics

A

Morphine, Fentanyl

19
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Corticosteroids

A

IV Methylprednisolone, IV Dexamethasone

20
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

21
Q

Respiratory failure medications: Anti-ulcer medications

A
  • Sucralfate
  • H2 blockers (Famotidine)
22
Q

Acute Respiratory Failure

A
  • Causes
  • Hypoxemic v. Hypercapnic RF
  • Manifestations
    + Early & late signs
  • 4 Physiologic mechanisms
  • Diagnostic studies
  • Nursing management
  • What to observe
23
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

A sudden & progressive form of ARF where alveolar-capillary membrane becomes damaged & more permeable to intravascular fluid

  • Causes
    + Direct v. Indirect
  • Pathophysiology
    + Injury/Exudative phase
    + Reparative/Proliferative phase
    + Fibrotic/Fibroproliferative phase
  • Manifestations
    + Severe ARDS
    + ARDS
  • Diagnostic studies
  • Complications
  • Nursing management
24
Q

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

A
  • Continuous positive pressure (CPAP)
  • BiPAP
  • Nursing considerations
25
Q

Endotracheal tube/Intubation procedure

A
  • Indications
  • RN role
  • Preparation
  • Equipment
  • Action prior to intubation
  • Intubation process
    + Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
    + Inflate cuff & confirm placement
    + After ET placement (DOPE)
26
Q

Mechanical Ventilation

A
  • Indications
    + Unplanned v. Planned
    + Other
  • Assessments
  • Nursing care
  • Alarms
  • Complications
27
Q

Mechanical Ventilation Settings

A
  • FiO2
  • Respiratory rate (RR)
  • Tidal volume (VT)
  • Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
  • Pressure support
28
Q

Mechanical Ventilation Modes

A
  • Assist control (AC)
  • Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
  • Pressure-support CPAP mode
29
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blockage of ≥1 pulmonary arteries by a thrombus, fat/air embolus, or tumor tissue

  • Causes
  • Risk factors
  • Assessments & S/S
  • Diagnostics
  • Interventions
  • Management
    + Medications
    + Procedures
30
Q

Pneumothorax & Hemothorax

A
  • Causes
  • Assessments
  • Interventions
  • Types of Pneumothorax
    + Open, close, & tension
31
Q

Chest Tubes

A
  • Indications
  • Pre-placement s/s
  • Nursing procedure role
  • 3 compartments
    + Collecting/Drainage
    + Water-seal
    + Suction control
  • Assessment
  • Positioning
  • Apply suction
  • Nursing management
    + Prepare drainage unit
    + Reportable findings
    + Monitor/observe
    + Nursing interventions
    + Chest tube removal
32
Q

Flail Chest

A

Results from fracture of several consecutive ribs, in ≥2 separate places => Unstable segment

  • Goal
  • Clinical manifestations
  • Management

N480 Critical Care (7 decks)

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