Wk 1 Respiratory & Oxygenation

Question 1

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 1

↓pH/↑PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes

Question 2

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 2

↑pH/↓PaCO2
- Compensation
- Causes

Question 3

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 3

↓pH/↓HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Anion gap
- Causes

Question 4

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 4

↑pH/↑HCO3
- Compensatory mechanisms
- Causes

Question 5

Hyponatremia

Answer 5

<135
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management

Question 6

Hypernatremia

Answer 6

> 145
- Causes
- Manifestations
+ ↓ECF Volume
+ ↑ECF Volume
- Management

Question 7

Hypokalemia

Answer 7

<3.5
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

Question 8

Hyperkalemia

Answer 8

> 5.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

Question 9

Hypocalcemia

Answer 9

<9.0
- Causes
- Manifestations
- ECG changes
- Management

Question 10

Hypercalcemia

Answer 10

• Causes
• Manifestations
• ECG changes
• Management

Question 11

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 11

• Causes
• Manifestations
• Management

Question 12

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 12

• Causes
• Manifestations
• Management

Question 13

Hypotonic fluids

Answer 13

• Fluids <0.9%
• “Hippo”; cells swell
• Indications
• Monitor

Question 14

Isotonic fluids

Answer 14

• D5W, 0.9% NaCl, LR
• Indications

Question 15

Hypertonic fluids

Answer 15

• Fluids >0.9%
• Pulls fluid out of cells

Question 16

Respiratory failure medications: Sedatives

Answer 16

• Benzodiazepines: Lorazepam
  + Action
  + Use
  + Nursing intervention
• General anesthesia: Propofol
  + Action
  + Use
  + Administration
  + RN role

Question 17

Respiratory failure medications: Neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer 17

• Vecuronium (-curonium), succinylcholine

Question 18

Respiratory failure medications: Opioid analgesics

Answer 18

Morphine, Fentanyl
- Action
- Nursing coniderations
- Antidote

Question 19

Respiratory failure medications: Corticosteroids

Answer 19

IV Methylprednisolone, IV Dexamethasone

Question 20

Respiratory failure medications: Antibiotics

Answer 20

Vancomycin

Question 21

Respiratory failure medications: Anti-ulcer medications

Answer 21

• Sucralfate
• H2 blockers (Famotidine)

Question 22

Acute Respiratory Failure

Answer 22

• Causes
• Hypoxemic v. Hypercapnic RF
• Manifestations
  + Early & late signs
• 4 Physiologic mechanisms
• Diagnostic studies
• Nursing management
• What to observe

Question 23

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 23

A sudden & progressive form of ARF where alveolar-capillary membrane becomes damaged & more permeable to intravascular fluid

• Causes
  + Direct v. Indirect
• Pathophysiology
  + Injury/Exudative phase
  + Reparative/Proliferative phase
  + Fibrotic/Fibroproliferative phase
• Manifestations
  + Severe ARDS
  + ARDS
• Diagnostic studies
• Complications
• Nursing management

Question 24

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Answer 24

• Continuous positive pressure (CPAP)
• BiPAP
• Nursing considerations

Question 25

Endotracheal tube/Intubation procedure

Answer 25

- Indications - RN role - Preparation - Equipment - Action prior to intubation - Intubation process + Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) + Inflate cuff & confirm placement + After ET placement (DOPE)

Question 26

Mechanical Ventilation

Answer 26

- Indications + Unplanned v. Planned + Other - Assessments - Nursing care - Alarms - Complications

Question 27

Mechanical Ventilation Settings

Answer 27

- FiO2 - Respiratory rate (RR) - Tidal volume (VT) - Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) - Pressure support

Question 28

Mechanical Ventilation Modes

Answer 28

- Assist control (AC) - Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) - Pressure-support CPAP mode

Question 29

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 29

Blockage of ≥1 pulmonary arteries by a thrombus, fat/air embolus, or tumor tissue - Causes - Risk factors - Assessments & S/S - Diagnostics - Interventions - Management + Medications + Procedures

Question 30

Pneumothorax & Hemothorax

Answer 30

- Causes - Assessments - Interventions - Types of Pneumothorax + Open, close, & tension

Question 31

Chest Tubes

Answer 31

- Indications - Pre-placement s/s - Nursing procedure role - 3 compartments + Collecting/Drainage + Water-seal + Suction control - Assessment - Positioning - Apply suction - Nursing management + Prepare drainage unit + Reportable findings + Monitor/observe + Nursing interventions + Chest tube removal

Question 32

Flail Chest

Answer 32

Results from fracture of several consecutive ribs, in ≥2 separate places => Unstable segment - Goal - Clinical manifestations - Management