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N480 Critical Care > Week 4 Neurovascular > Flashcards

Week 4 Neurovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

A

Prolonged pressure above 15 mmHg

  • Pathophysiology
  • Causes
  • Diagnostics and Tx
    + Ventriculostomy
    + Craniotomy
    + External ventricular drainage (EVD)
    + Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
  • Manifestations
    + Early s/s
    + GCS
    + Neurological assessment
    + Vitals
  • Interventions (“ICP-SS”)
  • Seizure precautions
  • Complications
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2
Q

Increased ICP Med: Osmotic diuretic

A

Mannitol

  • MOA
  • Goal
  • SE
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3
Q

Increased ICP Med: Hypertonic saline

A

3% saline

  • MOA
  • NI
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4
Q

Increased ICP Med: Corticosteroids

A

Dexamethasone

  • MOA
  • NI
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5
Q

Increased ICP Med: Barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital & Thiopental

  • MOA
  • NI
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6
Q

Increased ICP Med: Anti-SZ

A

Phenytoin

  • MOA
  • NI
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7
Q

Increased ICP Med: Opioids

A

Morphine sulfate or Fentanyl

  • MOA
  • NI
  • Reversal agents
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8
Q

Head injury

A
  • Open v Closed
  • Causes
  • Types
    + Important nursing consideration
  • Skull fracture manifestations
  • Head injury assessments
  • Base fractures
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9
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Personality
  • Thinking, planning, problem solving
  • Emotions
  • Behavioral control
  • Decision making
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10
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Object classification
  • Perception/space
    + Visuospatial processing
  • Numbers (i.e calculations)
    + Knowledge of numbers
  • Spelling
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11
Q

Temporal

A
  • Language & hearing
  • Aphasia
    + Receptive, expressive, global
  • Memory, understanding, facial recognition, vision, speech, emotion
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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A
  • Vision, visual processing
  • Color ID
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13
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Balance
  • Fine/gross motor skills
  • Hand-eye coordination (finger-nose touch or heel-to-shin test)
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14
Q

Brainstem

A
  • Breathing & HR
  • Regulates body temp & swallowing
  • Components
    + Thalamus
    + Hypothalamus
    + Midbrain
    + Pons
    + RAS
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15
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Stroke

A
  • Pathophysiology
    +Affected bodily fxns
  • Rx factors
  • Manifestations
    + “BE FAST”
  • Diagnostics
    + 1st test
    + Subsequent imaging
  • Types of stroke
    + Ischemic v Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Procedures
    + Coil embolization
    + Stent assisted coil embolization
    + Flow diversion
    + Clipping

+ Nursing assessment & priority interventions
+ Neuro assessments
+ Respiratory interventions
+ Cardiovascular
+ Nutrition
+ ADLs
+ Communication
+ Rehab

  • Medication (tPA)
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16
Q

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

A

Loss of mvt & sensation below injury

  • Diagnostics
  • Procedures
  • Causes
  • Key injury locations
    + Above T1 (C1-8)
    + C4
    + T6 & below
    + T1-12
    + L1-L5
    + S1-S5
  • Immobilizers
  • Assessments
    + Interventions
    + Emergency initial nursing care
    + Neurological assessment
    + Cardiac assessment
    + Respiratory assessment
  • Types of SCI shocks
    + Spinal shock
    + Neurogenic (vasogenic) shock
  • Complications
    + Autonomic dysreflexia
    + Orthostatic HOTN
  • Continuous care
    + GI, GU, muscular, immobility, reproductive
  • SCI classifications
    + Mechanism, level, & degree of injury
  • Diagnostic studies
  • SCI acute care
    + Emergency mgmt
    + Initial care
    + Initial assessment in ED
    + Additional assessment
    + Nonoperative stabilization
  • Nursing assessments
    + Subjective v Objective data
17
Q

SCI Med: Vasopressors

A

Norepinephrine & Dopamine

  • Use
  • MOA
  • NI
18
Q

SCI Med: Anti-muscarinic

A

Atropine

  • Use
  • MOA

N480 Critical Care (9 decks)

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