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N480 Critical Care > Week 3 Hemodynamic Monitoring & Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Week 3 Hemodynamic Monitoring & Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Hemodynamic monitoring

A
  • Measurement of pressure flow & oxygenation within CV system
  • Purpose: Assess heart fxn, fluid balance, & effects of fluids & drugs on CO
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2
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A
  • Definitions
  • ↓CO s/s
  • Meds ↑CO
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3
Q

Cardiac index (CI)

A

CO adjusted for body surface area (BSA)

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4
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

Volume of blood coming out of aorta w/ every heartbeat

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5
Q

Stroke volume index

A

SV adjusted to BSA

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6
Q

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

Opposition encountered by left ventricle

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7
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance

A
  • Opposition encountered by right ventricle
  • Resistance to blood flow by vessels
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8
Q

Stroke volume variation (SVV)

A
  • Variation of arterial pulsation caused by heart-lung interaction
    + Sensitive indicator if preload responsiveness
    + Helps predict if pt benefits from additional IV fluid boluses
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9
Q

Preload

A
  • Volume that fills up at end-diastole
  • Low v High preload
  • Measurements of L & R sided preload
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10
Q

Afterload

A
  • Forces/resistance ventricles has to overcome to push blood forward
  • Measurements of L & R sided afterload
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11
Q

Diastole

A

When heart is filling; amt of filling in ventricles at end-diastole (preload)

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12
Q

Systole

A

Time when heart contracts

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13
Q

Contractility

A
  • Strength of ventricular contraction
  • Positive inotropes (↑contractility)
  • Negative inotropes (↓contractility)
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14
Q

Formula for CO

A

Cardiac output = HR x Stroke volume

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15
Q

Pulmonary artery catheter (Swanz Ganz)

A
  • Obtains measurements for fluid status, cardiac status, & heart fxn
  • Indications
  • Characteristics
    + Insertion
  • Complications
  • Lumens (blue, white, red, yellow)
  • Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)
  • Line placement procedure
  • Ensure accuracy
  • Infection prevention
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16
Q

Arterial line (A-line)

A
  • Indications
  • Insertion
  • Main purpose
  • Characteristics
  • Invasive arterial BP monitoring
    + Purpose
    + Zero-reference point
    + Square wave test
  • Complications
  • Documentation
17
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A
  • Blood supply to heart muscle SUDDENLY blocked (by thrombus made of plaque)
  • STEMI v NSTEMI
  • Stable v Unstable angina
  • S/S + Assessment
  • Priority intervention
  • Diagnostics
    + Cardiac biomarkers
  • Procedures
    + Angiography/Cardiac catheterization
    + Angioplasty balloon
  • Post-angio site care
  • Priority nursing considerations
    + Pt comes in w/ CP
    + Unstable angina & NSTEMI
    + STEMI
  • Nutrition
  • Complications
18
Q

ACS Medication: Vasodilators

A
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
19
Q

ACS Medication: Analgesics

A
  • Morphine
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
20
Q

ACS Medication: Beta-blockers

A
  • Metoprolol
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
21
Q

ACS Medication: Thrombolytics

A
  • Alteplase
  • Action
  • Nursing actions
  • STEMI v NSTEMI
22
Q

ACS Medication: Antiplatelets

A
  • Aspirin & Clopidogrel (Plavix)
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
23
Q

ACS Medication: Anticoagulants

A
  • Heparin & Enoxaparin
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
24
Q

ACS Medication: Lipid lowering statin

A
  • Atorvastatin
  • Actions
  • Nursing actions
25
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

A
  • Surgical procedure to restore vascularization of myocardium & improve client quality of life; open heart surgery
  • Indications
  • Machine
    + Pre-procedure
    + Post-procedure
  • Common grafts/vessels used
  • Complications
26
Q

Pacemakers

A
  • Helps control abnl heart rhythms w/ low-electrical pulses to prompt heart to beat at normal rate
  • Types (Transcutaneous, epicardial, transvenous)
  • Indications
    + Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)
    + Pacemaker
  • A/V-paced PM
  • Nursing care
    + ECG monitoring for malfunction
    + Complications
27
Q

Aneurysm

A
  • Weakness in a section of a dilated ARTERY => Widening or balloon in wall of blood vessel
  • Risk factors
  • Types (saccular v fusiform)
  • Common sites
    + Aortic dissection
    + Thoracic aortic aneurysm
    + Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Nursing priorities
  • Complications
  • Tx & nursing interventions
28
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

A
  • Risk factors
    + Non/modifiable
  • Complications
  • Diagnostics
  • Manifestations
    + Asymptomatic
    + Symptomatic
  • Aneurysm rupture s/s
  • Treatments
29
Q

Aortic Dissection

A
  • Blood accumulating through inner layer of aorta => TEAR b/w inner & middle layers => Splits apart aorta (dissect)
  • Manifestations
    + Acute Type A/B
    + Dissection pain v. MI pain
    + Aortic arch involved
    + Type A
    + Subclavian artery
    + Aortic progression
  • Classifications
    + Location of dissection
    + Duration of onset
  • Risk factors
  • Diagnostics
  • Treatments
  • Nursing interventions
    + Preoperative
    + Postoperative
    + Discharge teaching

N480 Critical Care (9 decks)

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