withdrawal syndromes

Question 1

alcohol

Answer 1

sx: tremors, agitation, anxiety, delirium, psychosis.

exam findings: seizures, tachycardia, palpitations.

Question 2

Benzodiazepines

Answer 2

sx: tremors, anxiety, perceptual disturbances, psychosis, insomnia.
exam findings: seizures, tachycardia, palpitations.

Question 3

Heroin (opoid)

Answer 3

sx: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, muscle and joint aches, and rhinorrhea.
symptoms present within 6-12 hrs, can peak within 36-72 hrs and may continue fore several days.
exam findings: dilated pupils, yawning, piloerection, lacrimation, hyperactive bowel sounds.

Question 4

Stimulants ( cocaine, amphetamines)

Answer 4

sx: increased appetite, hypersomnia, intense psychomotor retardation, severe depression ( crash).
No significant findings.

Question 5

nicotine

Answer 5

sx: dysphoria, irritability, anxiety, increased appetite.

No significant findings.

Question 6

cannabis

Answer 6

sx: irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, insomnia, decreased appetite.
no significant findings.