Wireless Networks Flashcards
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)?
▪ Allows users to roam within a coverage area
▪ Popularity has increased exponentially
▪ Convenient to use and expand network access throughout a room, floor,
or building
▪ IEEE 802.11 is the most common type
▪ Other wireless options exist (used for PAN)
● Bluetooth
● Infrared (IR)
● Near-Field Communications (NFC)
● Ant+
● Z-Wave
Ad Hoc
Wireless devices communicate directly with
each other without the need for a centralized
access point
▪ Peer-to-Peer connections
Infrastructure
Wireless devices communicate with other
wireless or wired devices through a wireless
router or access point
▪ Traditional WiFi in Home and Office networks
Wireless Access Point (AP or WAP)
▪ Expands wired LAN into the wireless domain
● Does not interconnect two networks
(not a router)
● Functions as a hub
▪ Connects wired LAN and wireless devices into the same subnet
▪ All clients on an access point are on a single collision domain
Wireless Router
Gateway device and base station for wireless devices to communicate
with each other and connect to the Internet
▪ Often combines many features into one device:
● Wireless Access Point (WAP or AP)
● Router
● Switch
● Firewall
● Fiber, Cable, or DSL modem
o Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
Contains only devices/clients with no APs(AD-HOC WLAN)
Basic Service Set (BSS)
Only one AP connected to the network (SOHO network)
Extended Service Set (ESS)
Contains multiple APs to provide coverage (College campus)
Mesh Topology
▪ May not use a centralized control
▪ Range of combined wireless defines network
▪ Uses WiFi, Microwave, Cellular, and more
AP Placement
▪ Careful planning is required to
prevent the APs from interfering
with one another and still
maintaining the desired
coverage area in ESS
▪ Coverage should overlap
between APs to allow
uninterrupted roaming from one
cell to another but can’t use
overlapping frequencies
AP Placement (2.4 Ghz)
Non-overlapping coverage cells
for 2.4 GHz band should have
10% to 15% coverage overlap in
coverage area
AP Placement (5 Ghz
▪ Identical channels should be separated by at least two cells instead of
one
Site Surveys
▪ Wireless survey to determine coverage areas
▪ Produces a heat map with coverage
Wireless Range Extenders
▪ Specialized device that overcomes distance limitations of wireless
networks
▪ Amplifies the signal and extends reachability or a wireless cell
▪ Wireless repeater receives signal on one antenna and repeats it on other
Antennas
Coverage areas vary based on the type used
▪ Most SOHO wireless APs have fixed antennas
▪ Enterprise-class APs support different types
▪ Factors in antenna effectiveness
● Distance
● Pattern of Wireless Coverage
● Environment (indoor/outdoor)
● Avoiding Interference with other APs
Omnidirectional Antenna
Radiates power equally in all directions