IP Protocol Types Flashcards
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A transport protocol that operates at layer 4 of the OSI model
▪ Used on top of the Internet Protocol for the reliable packet transmission
▪ Operates by conducting a three-way handshake between a client and a
server, and then establishing the connection
▪ TCP is considered a connection-oriented method of communication
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
▪ A lightweight data transport protocol that also works on top of IP
▪ Can detect if its packets are corrupted when they are received by a client
using a checksum, but there is no connection and no sequencing to the
UDP segments
▪ Great for some applications, like streaming audio and video, but it
definitely does NOT provide reliable delivery of the data
Internet Control MEssage Protocol (ICMP)
▪ A network level protocol that is used to communicate information about
network connectivity issues back to the sender
▪ ICMP is used a lot by network technicians during troubleshooting, but it is
also used by attackers to conduct ping scans and network mapping
Generic Routing Encapsulation Protocol (GRE)
▪ A tunneling protocol that was developed by Cisco to encapsulate a wide
variety of network layer protocols inside a virtual point-to-point or pointto-multipoint link over an Internet Protocol network
▪ Important to set a smaller maximum transmission unit or MTU size on
the tunnel
▪ It does not provide any encryption
Internet Protocol Security Protocol (IPsec)
▪ Set of secure communication protocols at the network or packet
processing layer that is used to protect data flows between peers
Authentication HEader (AH)
A protocol within IPSec that provides integrity and
authentication
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
o Provides encryption and integrity for the data packets sent
over IPsec
o Backwards-compatible with most IP routers including
those that were not designed to work with IPsec initially
