Network Management

Question 1

Network Management

Answer 1

o The process of administering and managing computer networks

Question 2

Physical Network Diagram

Answer 2

Shows the actual physical arrangement of the components that make up
the network

Question 3

Logical Network Diagram

Answer 3

Illustrates the flow of data across a network and shows how devices
communicate with each other

Question 4

Wiring Diagram

Answer 4

Labels which cables are connected to which ports

Question 5

Radio Frequency (Wireless) Site Survey

Answer 5

Planning and designing a wireless network to deliver the required
wireless solution

Question 6

Audit and Assessment Report
▪ Delivered after a formal assessment has been conducted

Answer 6

● Audit and Assessment Report
o Executive summary
o Scope and objectives
o Assumptions and limitations
o Methods and tools
o Environment and system diagram
o Security requirements
o Findings and recommendations
o Audit results

Question 7

Baseline Configurations

Answer 7

▪ Set of specifications for an information system, or a configuration item
within a system, that has been formally reviewed and agreed on
▪ Changes will be properly tested and approved to be part of the new
baseline

Question 8

Network Performance Monitoring

Answer 8

▪ Monitors the performance from the end user’s workstation to the final
destination they are trying to reach
● Latency
o Time that it takes for data to reach its destination across a
network
o High latency slows down overall network performance
● Bandwidth
o Maximum rate of data transfer across a given network
● Throughput
o Actual measure of how much data is successfully
transferred from the source to a destination
● Jitter
o When a time delay in the sending of data packets over a
network connection occurs
▪ Ensure that your network is using QoS properly

Question 9

Sensors

Answer 9

Monitors a device’s temperature, CPU usage, and memory, which could indicate
if it is operating properly or is about to fail
o Minor Temperature Threshold
▪ Used to set off an alarm when a rise in temperature is detected but
hasn’t reached dangerous levels yet
o Major Temperature Threshold
▪ Used to set off an alarm when temperature reaches dangerous
conditions
● 5-40% CPU utilization
o Misconfigured network
o Network under attack
▪ Minor
▪ Severe
▪ Critical
● 40%
o Normal conditions
● 60-70%
o Busier times
● Layer 3 80%
o Peak times

Question 10

NetFlow Data

Answer 10

o Full Packet Capture is used to capture the entire packet, including the header
and the payload for all traffic entering and leaving a network
o Flow Analysis
▪ Relies on a flow collector to record the metadata and statistics about
network traffic rather than recording each frame
▪ Highlights trends and patterns

Question 11

NetFlow

Answer 11

Defines a particular traffic flow based on the different packets that share
the same characteristics
● Protocol interface
● IP version/type
● Source/destination IP
● Source/destination port
● IP service type

Question 12

Zeek

Answer 12

Passively monitors a network like a sniffer, but only logs full packet
capture data of potential interest
▪ Performs normalization of the data and stores it as a tab-delimited or
JSON-formatted text files

Question 13

o Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG)

Answer 13

Creates graphs showing traffic flows through the network interfaces of
routers and switches by polling the appliances using SNMP

Question 14

Link State

Answer 14

Communicates whether a given interface has a cable connected to it and
a valid protocol to use for communication

Question 15

Drop

Answer 15

Used to count the number of packets that have been dropped

Question 16

Flush

Answer 16

▪ Used to count Selective Packet Discards (SPD) that have occurred

Question 17

Selective Packet Discards (SPD)

Answer 17

Drops low priority packets when the CPU is too busy so it can save
capacity for higher priority packets as a form of QoS

Question 18

Runt

Answer 18

An Ethernet frame that is less than 64 bytes in size

Question 19

Giant

Answer 19

Any Ethernet frame that exceeds the 802.3 frame size of 1518 bytes

Question 20

Throttle

Answer 20

Occurs when the interface fails to buffer the incoming packets

Question 21

CRC

Answer 21

Number of packets received that failed the cyclic redundancy checksum,
or CRC check upon receipt

Question 22

Frame

Answer 22

Used to count the number of packets where a CRC error and a noninteger number of octets was received

Question 23

Overrun

Answer 23

Used to count how often the interface was unable to receive traffic due
to an insufficient hardware buffer

Question 24

Ignored

Answer 24

Used to count the number of packets that the interface ignored since the
hardware interface was low on internal buffers

Question 25

Underrun

Answer 25

Number of times the sender has operated faster than the router can
handle, causing buffers or dropped packets

Question 26

Babble

Answer 26

Used to count any frames that are transmitted and are larger than 1518
bytes

Question 27

Late Collision

Answer 27

Used to count the number of collisions that occur after the interface has
started transmitting its frame

Question 28

Deferred

Answer 28

Used to count the number of frames that were transmitted successfully
after waiting because the media was busy

Question 29

Output Buffer Failure

Answer 29

▪ Number of times a packet was not output from the output hold queue
because of a shortage of shared memory

Question 30

Output Buffer Swapped Out

Answer 30

Number of packets stored in main memory when the queue is full

Question 31

Environmental Sensors

Answer 31

o Environmental monitoring
▪ Network devices operate between 50 and 90 ºF
▪ Maintain a humidity range of 40-60%
● Cool
● At the right humidity
● Receives clean power
● Flood-free