Media and Cable Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

Media

A

Material used to transmit data over the network

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2
Q

Copper Media Types

A

▪ Three categories:
● Copper
● Fiber optic
● Wireless

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3
Q

Coaxial Cable (COAX)

A

Inner
● Insulated conductor or center wire passes data
▪ Outer
● Braided metal shield used to help shield and protect the data
transmission
● Provides EMI resistance due to shielding

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4
Q

Coaxial Cables

A

RG-6
● Commonly used by local cable companies to connect individual
homes
▪ RG-59
● Typically used to carry composite video between two nearby
devices, such as from a cable box to the television

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5
Q

Coaxial connectors

A

▪ F-connector
● Typically used for cable TV and cable modem connections
▪ BNC
● Termed Bayonet Neill-Concelman or British Naval Connector
● Was used for 10BASE2 Ethernet networks

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6
Q

Twinaxial cable

A

Similar to coaxial cable but uses two inner conductors to carry the data
instead of just one

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7
Q

Serial cable

A

Usually have a series of straight copper wires inside a single cable or
plastic jacket
▪ DB-9 or DB-25 (RS-232)
● 9-pin or 25-pin D-subminiature
● Used for asynchronous serial communications and connecting to
an external modem

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8
Q

Twisted pair cables

A

▪ Most popular physical LAN media type
▪ Eight individually insulated strands of copper wire inside each cable
▪ Each pair twisted together to reduce EMI
● Tighter twists = less EMI
▪ Types:
● Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
● Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

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9
Q

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

A

▪ Number of twists determines how much EMI can be blocked
● CAT 6 has more twists per inch than CAT 5
▪ UTP is cheaper than STP
▪ Media of choice in most LANs

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10
Q

Shielded twisted pair (STP)

A

▪ Wires are twisted in pairs and surrounded in a metallic shielding to
minimize EMI
▪ Outer shielding minimizes EMI, but makes STP cost more than UTP

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11
Q

Twisted pair connectors

A

RJ-45
● 8-pin connector in Ethernet networks
● Most Ethernet use only 4-pins
▪ RJ-11
● 6-pin connector
● Commonly only 2 or 4 pins are used
● Commonly found in telephone systems

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12
Q

Registered Jack (RJ)

A

▪ Used to carry voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs
to meet to connect to the phone or data network

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13
Q

Bandwidth

A

▪ Theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a
source to its destination

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14
Q

Throughput

A

▪ Actual measure of how much data transferred from a source to its
destination

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15
Q

Cable Legths

A

▪ Keep cable runs under 70 meters from the IDF to the office

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16
Q

Straight-through Patch cables

A

Contains the exact same pinout on both ends of the cable
▪ T-568B is the preferred standard for wiring a building if no pre-existing
pattern is used
● Data Terminating Equipment (DTE)
o “Endpoint” devices that connect to a piece of data
communications equipment or DCE (e.g. laptops,
desktops, servers, and routers)
● Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
o Includes things like switches, modems, hubs, and bridges
● Connecting DTE and DCE devices
o Straight-through
▪ DTE to DCE
▪ DCE to DTE
o Crossover
▪ DTE to DTE
▪ DCE to DCE

17
Q

Crossover Cables

A

▪ Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the
connector and its pinout are created

18
Q

Pinouts (568A/568B)

A

▪ TIA/EIA-568A and TIA/EIA-568B are standard
▪ Orange and Green pairs swap

19
Q

Medium Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX)

A

An automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable connector
even if using a straight-through patch cable
▪ If a switch doesn’t support MDIX, use a crossover cable to make them talk

20
Q

Plenum and Non-Plenum Cable

A

▪ Plenum Cable
o A special coating put on a UTP or an STP cable that
provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the outer
insulating jacket
o Minimizes dangerous fumes if cable on fire
o Safe for use in ceilings, walls, and raised floors
▪ Non-plenum Cable
● Also known as PVC
● Normal UTP/STP rated cable
● Cannot be used in raised floors, ceilings, or walls

21
Q

Fiber Media: FIber Optic

A

▪ Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a glass
fiber
● Immune to EMI
● Uses light instead of electricity
▪ Benefits:
● Greater range (many miles)
● Greater data-carrying capacity (measured in Tbps)
▪ Types:
● Multimode Fiber (MMF)
● Single-mode Fiber (SMF)

22
Q

Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)

A

▪ Used for longer distances and has smaller core size which allows for only
a single mode of travel for the light signal
▪ SMF’s core size is 8.3-10µ in diameter

23
Q

Multimode Fiber (MMF)

A

Used for shorter distances and has larger core size which allows for
multiple modes of travel for the light signal
▪ MMF’s core size is 50-100µ in diameter
▪ Up to 2 kms or less

24
Q

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

A

Combines multiple signals into one signal and sends over a single fiber
optic strand using different wavelengths of the laser light source

25
Q

Transceivers: Copper vs. fFiber optic cables

A

▪ Fiber-Optic Advantages
● Higher bandwidth
● Longer distances
● Immune to EMI
● Better security
▪ Copper Advantages
● Less expensive
● Easy to install
● Inexpensive tools

26
Q

Media Converters

A

▪ Convert media from one format to another
▪ Layer 1 device
● Physical conversion of signal only
▪ Examples:
● Ethernet to Fiber Optic
● Fiber Optic to Ethernet
● Coaxial to Fiber
● Fiber to Coaxial

27
Q

Transceivers

A

Device that sends (transmits) and receives data

28
Q

Bidirectional

A

o Devices take turns communicating
o Known as half-duplex

29
Q

Duplex

A

Full duplex occurs when devices can both communicate at
the same time
o Half duplex occurs when devices can either transmit or
receive, but cannot do both at the same time

30
Q

Transceivers used in switches/routers: GBIC

A

Standard, hot-pluggable gigabit Ethernet
transceiver (copper or fiber)

31
Q

Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP)

A

Compact, hot-pluggable optical module transceiver
▪ Support up to 4.25 Gbps
▪ Known as Mini-GBIC

32
Q

SFP+

A

Enhanced SFP
▪ Support up to 16 Gbps

33
Q

Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP)

A

Compact, hot-pluggable optical module transceiver
▪ Supports up to 100 Gbps

34
Q

Cable Distribution

A

An organized system to connect the network’s backbone
in the main distribution frame to the intermediate distribution frames and finally
to the end user’s wall jacks

35
Q

Cable Distribution System

A

▪ Use an organized system that is hierarchical
● Demarcation point
o The entrance facilities where you WAN connection will
enter your building
▪ Components
● Entrance
● Cross-connect facilities
● IDF
● Backbone wiring
● Telecommunications closet
● Horizontal wiring
● Patch Panels
● Work area

36
Q

Patch Panels (Copper)

A

▪ Device with jacks to connect wiring from the jack to a network switch in a
flexible manner
▪ Has punch downs (like a 110 block) on the back side that is used to
connect wiring to wall jacks in building
▪ Front has RJ-45 jacks

37
Q

Patch Panels (Fiber)

A

▪ Connect fiber jacks throughout building to a single patch panel in
network closet
▪ Front uses patch cables to connect different wall jacks and switch ports

38
Q
A