Winter Ops Flashcards
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What is the contamination check
A visual check of the aircraft performed by the captain, engineer or service provider to establish need for de-icing
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What is the post treatment tactile check?
External check after de-icing/anti-icing treatment to ensure a/c is free from any frost, snow or slush that was detected during the contamination check
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What is the pre take-off check?
Assessment normally made from the flight deck to validate the applied holdover time
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What is the pre take-off contamination check?
check of treated surfaces for contamination performed when hold-over time has expired or if any doubt exists regarding continued effectiveness of treatment. Must be performed from OUTSIDE
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When do icing conditions exist?
= 10°C
AND
- Visible moisture is present (vis less than 1600m, precipitation)
- ice, snow, slush or standing water present on ramp, taxiway or runway
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When do freezing conditions exist?
= 3°C
AND
- Visible moisture is present (vis less than 1600m, precipitation)
- ice, snow, slush or standing water present on ramp, taxiway or runway
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Is dispatch allowed with ice on the fuselage?
Yes, departing with thin hoarfrost is acceptable on the upper fuselage provided all vents and ports are clear.
You should be able to see items on surface below the frost eg paint lines, logo and registration
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What is the procedure if clear ice is suspected?
De-ice, then post treatment tactile check is required to verify all deposits have been removed.
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Can a tactile check be performed with engines running?
No. Engines must be shut down before a tactile check can be performed.
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When should you not retract flaps after landing?
- After prolonged flight in icing conditions with flaps extended
- when accumulation of airframe ice is observed
- taxiway contaminated with ice, snow slush or standing water.
Do not retract beyond F15
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If after inspecting the flaps after landing before retraction you deem it necessary to de-ice them, how do you proceed?
Use either:
- Hot water
- Type 1 hot water mix
- Hot air
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Can you dispatch with snow or ice on the fan spinner or blades?
Yes, if it has accumulated during ops in icing conditions. e.g. taxi and approach
If snow or ice has accumulated during extended shutdown periods it must be removed before engine start.
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What is considered a ‘prolonged stop’ with regards to fan blade ice?
if the aircraft has been parked on the ground more than 45 mins
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What method is preferred for removing thicker layers of snow/slush from the aircraft?
Advantages?
- Hot water
- Mixture of Type 1 fluid and hot water
Advantages are:
- Reduces amount of accumulated fluid residues
- lower fluid concentration has less environmental impact
- lower fluid concentration is more economical
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What met conditions are required for FZFG
<1000m vis
-0°C or below
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Can you operate to an aerodrome with moderate and heavy FZRA?
No. a diversion to an alternate airfield may be required if FZRA persists
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When is takeoff with CSFF on the LOWER wing surfaces allowable?
- Temp at or above 4°C
- No precipitation or visible moisture (1600m)
- Fuel temperature at or above -16°C
- all leading edge devices, control surfaces etc must be free from ice
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When is takeoff with CSFF on the UPPER wing surfaces allowable?
- Only within the lines defining the permissable CSFF area
- Temp at or above 4°C
- No precipitation or visible moisture (1600m)
- Tank temperature at or above -16°C
- No ice on leading edge devices or control surfaces.
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Type 1 fluid colour
Orange
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Type 2 fluid colour
Translucent
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Type 4 fluid colour
Green
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What are the limitations for using only hot water to de-ice
Skin temp must be -3°C or warmer. 2nd step must be completed within 3 mins of first step
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From when is holdover time calculated?
The start of the second step
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What trim setting should set before de-icing?
Takeoff trim position or 5 units
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When must a pre-takeoff contamination check be performed and how long is it valid for?
If:
- Instructed by holdover charts
- HOT expired
- Operating in HEAVY SNOW
- If a passenger or crew reports frost/ice/contamination on wing
- any other reason there is doubt about the effectiveness of anti-ice fluid
Valid for 5 minutes
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What is the procedure to re-treat an aircraft when the previous anti-ice coating has failed?
Under no circumstances can the aircraft receive a further coating of cold neat fluid on top of the existing film.
Previous treatment should be considered as contamination
Must be removed with a hot mixed fluid
Can be performed as a hot one step if there is limited contamination to remove. Otherwise two step if large amounts of contamination must be removed.
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When is a runway considered contaminated/slippery?
When more than 25% is covered with more than 3mm contamination (25mm dry snow)
Also considered contaminated with slippery characteristics if covered with compacted snow, ice, wet ice or frost
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What is the maximum depth of slush allowable for takeoff?
13mm
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What is the maximum depth of dry snow allowable for takeoff?
101mm
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Above what crosswind compent can you not take into account thrust reverser for OPT landing performance on a wet/slippery runway?
15kts
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When do you use the TALPA matrix for take-off?
Only used to determine the braking action on runways that do not have any loose contaminants.
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What is the kelvin spread rule?
When air temperatures are = +3°C with a dew point spread of = 3°C the surface condition may be more slippery than anticipated on snow and ice.
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What is the minimum engine oil temperature for take-off?
31°C
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When is a run up/fan ice removal required on the ground? How is it performed?
- In freezing conditions
OR - when Operational Fan Blade Ice was detected during the exterior inspection
Increase thrust to max 70% N1 for approx 30s at intervals no greater than 30 mins. This includes taxi in time.
When operating in FZRA, FZDZ, FZFG or heavy snow, run ups to a minimum of 70% N1 for approx 1 second at intervals no greater than 10mins
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What is the maximum recommended FL for using wing anti-ice?
FL350. If used above it may cause a BLEED trips off and possible loss of cabin pressure
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What is the freezing point of JET-A1
-47°C
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When landing on a sanded or gritted runway, how should the thrust reversers be used?
- Idle below 80kts
- Stowed below 60kts
(Only if stopping is assured)
