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Wines > Wines of NY, OR, & WA > Flashcards

Wines of NY, OR, & WA Flashcards

1
Q

How many licensed wineries are in the US?

A

8,200+

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2
Q

Top 4 producers in the states

A
  1. California (4,650 wineries)
  2. Washington (800+wineries)
  3. New York (410+ wineries)
  4. Oregon (702+ wineries)
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3
Q

What happened in 1880?

A

Phylloxera

- Root louse attacks

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4
Q

Vinifera produces

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Merlot

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5
Q

Labrusca; Riparia produces

A

Concord; Delaware

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6
Q

French/American hybrids produce

A

Seyval Blanc; Cayuga

Vignoles Traminette

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7
Q

Hybrid

A

Crossing/selective breeding of grapes

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8
Q

NYS hybrids

A 
Cayuga
Ravat/Vignoles
Seyval Blanc
Vidal
Traminette
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9
Q

NYS labrusca (native)

A

Concord
Delaware
Niagara (1872 Concord plus Cassady)

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10
Q

NYS wine production

A

Labrusca 60% Volume
Hybrids 25% Volume
Vinifera 15% Volume

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11
Q

When were the first vineyards planted in NY?

A

1st vineyards planted in the late 1600s in the Hudson Valley by French Huguenots

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12
Q

1827 - NYS

A

First commercial winery opened on Croton Point on the Hudson River

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13
Q

1920-1933 NYS

A

Prohibition damages industry

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14
Q

1934 - NYS

A

Charles Fournier comes to Gold Seal from Champagne and plants French Hybrids

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15
Q

1933-1950 - NYS

A

large wineries produce jug or fortified wines

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16
Q

1950 - Charles Fournier

A

Charles Fournier wines gold in CA for Champagne

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17
Q

The 60s and 70s: The wine boom in NYC

A

HA 430 Wines 1st offered

  • table wine passes the fortified wine
  • Consumption doubles
  • NYS Farm Winery Act
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18
Q

Hudson River

A

49 wineries, 235 acres
180–195 days growing season
White hybrids best

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19
Q

NYS DECODING LABELS

A

Label types in NY:
• Varietal - minimum of 75% grape
• Exception 51% minimum if Labrusca
• Generic - place name from a famous region: Champagne, Chablis, Burgundy, or wine style:
Sherry, Port
• Proprietary Made-up name – “Taste Red” Bedell

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20
Q

NYS Grape Source

A

• NYS – at least 75% of the wine labeled NYS must be from the state.
• AVA – if listed at least 85% of grapes must come
from that AVA.

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21
Q

VINTAGE DATED WINES

A

• A State or County designated wine must have
85% of the stated vintage year.
• A Wine from a specific AVA must contain 95% of the stated vintage year.

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22
Q

FINGER LAKES

A
  • 110+ wineries, 10,000 acres
  • 85% of all NY wine
  • Growing season 190 – 205 days
  • Riesling, Sparkling, Chardonnay
  • Native Labrusca, Labruscana and Hybrids
23
Q

How many AVAs does the finger lakes have? What are they?

A

3 AVAs:
Finger Lakes
Cayuga Lake
Seneca Lake

24
Q

RIESLING: VARIETAL

CHARACTERISTICS

A

RIESLING: Fruity, apricot, peach, green apples, floral, lemon, tropical lushness.

25
Q

DR. K. FRANK RIESLING

A
  • Am harvest
  • German yeast
  • Stainless steel fermentation
  • Winemaker notes: grapefruit, lime, and star fruit
26
Q

OREGON WINE

A 
US #4 Producer
• 1% of U.S. fine wine production
• Over 2/3 is red wine
• PINOT NOIR “signature red”
– over 55% (prelim. # ‘17 64%)
• Pinot Gris “signature white”
• Good Chardonnay & Riesling
• Syrah and Spanish Varietals
27
Q

Oregon geography and climate

A

The Pacific Ocean, the Oregon Coastal Range, and the Cascade Mountain Range are the dominant factors

  • Rainfall varies from 6” to 40” per year
  • Oregon has a temperate climate with cooler growing conditions than California or Washington with more vintage variation.
28
Q

OREGON WINE HISTORY 1970s

A
  • 5 wineries in Willamette Valley

• Eyrie Vineyard (David Lett)

29
Q

OREGON : WINE LAWS

A

Generics– No Generic Names Permitted
(e.g. Chablis, Burgundy)
• 90% Minimum Varietal Wines (PN/PG)
*Exception: 75% if Cabernet and 17 other approved varietals
• Origin: 100% for County/State Listed, 95% for AVA
• Vintage: 95% for AVA, 85% for County/State

30
Q

Why does Oregon have stricter laws?

A

They joined the wine industry late

31
Q

PINOT GRIS: VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS

A

Mango, melon, apple, pear, honey

32
Q

Pinot Gris Food Suggestions

A 
Salmon
Halibut
Chicken piccata
Cheese
Fruit
Scallops
Crab
Prawns
Mussels
Oysters
White fish
33
Q

Rainstorm winemaker’s notes

A
  • Hand harvested grapes
  • 6 months aging sur lee
  • No oak/ML
34
Q

WASHINGTON WINES

A 
US #2 producer
“New” Region
More than 50,000 Acres / 53% White
12 Million plus cases
860 plus Wineries
“Ideal” Climate
Varietal Labels
35
Q

WASHINGTON GRAPE VARIETIES

A

53% White
• Riesling 22%
• Chardonnay 19%
• Pinot Gris 4%

47% Red
• Cabernet Sauvignon 18.5%
• Merlot 16.3%
• Syrah 6.8%

36
Q

WASHINGTON

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

A
  • The Pacific Ocean and the Cascade Mountain Range are the two dominant factors affecting Washington’s wine regions
  • Western Washington is too wet and too cool to grow grapes –The Olympic Range gets 170” of rain Seattle gets 35”
37
Q

WESTERN REGION: 1 AVA

A 
Puget Sound AVA:
Temperate
15-30” Rainfall
Only a few wineries
Some producing fruit wines (Bainbridge)
38
Q

WASHINGTON Eastern regions

A

Cascades Block Cool Maritime Weather

6-8” Rainfall =
Irrigation (Columbia River)
Hot, Dry Days / Cool Nights
17 Hrs. Sunlight

39
Q

How many AVAs are in the eastern region of WA?

A

12 = 98%

  • Columbia Valley (1984) Largest and contains:
  • Yakima Valley averages 12” rain
  • Walla Walla Valley
  • Red Mountain
  • Columbia Gorge
  • Horse Heaven Hills
  • Wahluke Slope
  • Rattlesnake Hills
  • Lake Chelan
  • Snipes Mountain
  • Naches Heights (2011)
  • Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley (2012)
40
Q

WASHINGTON : WINE LAWS

A

75% Minimum Varietal
• WA AVA requires 95% grapes from that AVA if WA
is on the label
• If not, AVA is 85%
• Generics– No Generic Names Permitted (e.g.
Chablis, Burgundy

41
Q

CHARDONNAY: VARIETAL

CHARACTERISTICS

A

Apple, pear, pineapple, citrus fruit flavors. Also figs,
melons, flinty. (Flavors vary according to where
grown)
• Winemaking flavors: toast, vanilla, sweet clove,
buttery or creamy, coconuts, tea.
• Aged Chardonnays: Peach, pineapple, sage, honey, caramel

42
Q

TOP 5 VARIETALS IN OREGON

A
  1. Pinot Noir
  2. Pinot Gris
  3. Chardonnay
  4. Riesling
  5. Syrah
43
Q

Oregon Eastern AVAS

A 
Eastern AVAs:
Drier with only 6 to 8” rain
Columbia Valley (with WA)
Walla Walla (with WA)
Columbia Gorge (With WA)
Snake River Valley (With ID)
Rocks District of Milton-Freewater, 2015
44
Q

Oregon Western AVAs

A

13

45
Q

PINOT NOIR: VARIETAL

CHARACTERISTICS

A
  • Cherry, raspberry, strawberry, cola, pomegranate, mushrooms, earth, bacon, meat/game, baking spices, and purple and red flowers
  • Velvety
46
Q

Firesteed

A
  • Stainless steel fermentation
  • Burgundy yeasts
  • Certified Oregon LIVE (low input viticulture and enology) winery and vineyards
47
Q

DAVID PITTARD

A

CALS ‘04 OWNER, BUTTONWOOD GROVE WINERY

48
Q

Long island

A
  • 66 wineries (most on the North Fork)
  • More than 2,000 acres
  • 100 miles from NYC
  • Merlot and reds best
  • Longest growing season 215 to 233 days
49
Q

How many AVAs are in Long Island?

A

AVAs: (3)
North Fork of Long Island
The Hamptons, LI
Long Island

50
Q

CABERNET FRANC:

VARIETAL CHARACTERISTICS

A

• Blackcurrants (cassis), dark fruits, violets, vegetal, bell
pepper, spicy, raspberries.

51
Q

Allen Shoup

A

Father of Washington Wine industry

52
Q

Washington Wine - 1979

A

Allen Shoup moves from Gallo to WA and heads up Chateau Ste. Michelle

53
Q

SILVER TOTEM CABERNET SAUVIGNON

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Syrah
  • Half the wine is aged in oak barrels (30% new American oak) and the other half is aged in stainless steel tanks for 20-24 months

Wines (14 decks)

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