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Wines > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux History

A
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry Plantagenet, future king of England, in 1152
  • 15th century: The region of Aquitaine becomes French again
  • 17th century: Wine trade grows with Holland and Germany
  • 18th century: Trade expansion with New World countries
  • 19th century: Regional growth and development
  • 1948: Conseil Interprofessional du Vin de Bordeaux (CIVB)
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2
Q

Bordeaux = ___% of all French AOC wine

A

25%

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3
Q

Bordeaux % of world’s vineyards, # of AOCs, # main groupings of wine types?

A
  • 1.5% of the world’s vineyard
  • 65 different AOCs
  • Diverse styles of wine
  • 6 main groupings of wine types
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4
Q

Bordeaux climate

A
  • Maritime, temperate climate
  • Pine forests protect from harsh Atlantic winds
  • Warm sunny summers
  • Gentle autumns and mild winters

BUT
- Humidity, late spring frosts, summer hail and autumn rains present challenges = vintage variations

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5
Q

Bordeaux Soils

A
  • Grave Soils - Left bank of the Garonne and Gironde rivers; Warmed by the sun
  • Limestone soils - right bank, warm
  • Clay soils - Right bank, cool and humid
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6
Q

Grape Varieties (red)

A

Red Grapes - 88%

  1. Merlot (66%)
  2. Cabernet Sauvignon (22.5%)
  3. Others (2%)
    - Malbec
    - Petit Verdot
    - Carmenere
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7
Q

Grape Varieties (white)

A

White Grapes - 12%

  1. Sauvignon Blanc (45%)
  2. Semillon (47%)
  3. Muscadelle (6%)
  4. Others (2%)
    - Sauvignon Gris
    - Colombard
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8
Q

How the grape varieties/wine differ

A

Cabernet Sauvignon dominated wines: black fruits, green pepper

Merlot dominated wines: red fruits and violets

Clairet or Rose wines: light red fruit

Dry white Bordeaux wines: lemon, grapefruit, herbaceous

Sweet white Bordeaux wines: apricot, peaches, honey

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9
Q

Production within main groupings

A

Bordeaux AOC Red and Rose and Bordeaux Superieur - 47%

Cotes - 13%

Medoc and Graves - 18%

Dry White - 9%

Sweet White - 3%

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10
Q

Bordeaux wine trade - wine estates

A

6300 AOC winegrowers average surface area of AOC wine estates: 16 ha

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11
Q

Bordeaux wine trade - wine cooperatives

A

33 wine cooperatives

3 cooperative unions

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12
Q

Bordeaux wine trade - Wine brokers/Courtiers

A

82 wine brokers oversaw 76% of transactions for bulk wine sales

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13
Q

Bordeaux wine trade - Negociants

A

300 negociant merchants sell 70% of all wine produced in the Bordeaux region

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14
Q

En Primeur

A
  • Top Bordeaux wines are sold on a Futures basis

- A portion of the wine is pre-sold almost two years before it is even bottled or delivered to the market

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15
Q

Bordeaux wine levels

A

Regional - Bordeaux AOC
Sub-regional - Haut-Medoc AOC
Commune - Margaux AOC
Chateau - Chauteau Margaux

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16
Q

Dry white AOCs (4)

A
  1. Bordeaux Blanc - classic and dry
  2. Entre-Deux-Mers - classic and dry
  3. Graves - aging potential
  4. Pessac-Leognan - aging potential
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17
Q

Sauvignon in cool climates

A 
Grassy
Herbaceous
Vegetal - bell pepper
Green olive
Grapefruit
Gooseberry
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18
Q

Bordeaux and Bordeaux superieur

A
  • Everday style of red and rose wines
  • Largest AOC
  • Can be sourced from anywhere across the Bordeaux vineyard
  • Bordeaux Superieur - lower yields and 9 months more age
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19
Q

Red Bordeaux left and right bank

A

Left Bank

  • Medoc
  • Graves
  • Pessac - Leognan

Right bank

  • Saint-Emilion
  • Pomerol
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20
Q

The Right bank - ___ dominance

A

Merlot

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21
Q

Pomerol vineyard

A

Plantings

  • 80% Merlot
  • 15% Cabernet Franc
  • 5% Cabernet Sauvignon
22
Q

Saint Emilion

A

Plantings

  • 60% Merlot, 30% Cabernet Franc, 10% Cabernet Sauvignon, small amount of Malbec
  • UNESCO heritage site since 1999
23
Q

SAINT - ÉMILION LABELS CAN BE CONFUSING

A
  • AOC Saint-Émilion 

AOC Saint-Émilion Grand Cru:

  • A maximum yield of 40 hl/ha.
  • Wines require a second formal tasting after 12 months 

Both AOCs cover the same production zone – difference is in the rigor of the viticultural and winemaking regulations

24
Q

THE CLASSIFICATION OF SAINT -ÉMILION

A

Saint-Émilion Premier Grand Cru Classé or Grand Cru Classé

Established in 1954; updated in 1969, 1979, and in 1996, 2006 and again in 2012 the following was established:

18 Premiers Grands Crus Classés. Of which, four estates merited an “A
1. Château Cheval Blanc  2.Château Ausone,  3.Château Angelus,  4.Château Pavie

64 Grands Crus Classés.

25
Q

How many grand crus class is there?

A

64

26
Q

How many Premiers Grands Crus Classes are there?

A

18

27
Q

Merlot: Varietal Characteristics

A

Dark fruits, plum, tobacco, fruitcake, violets, bell pepper, spicy

28
Q

CHÂTEAU PUY-BLANQUET

soil, GV percentage, aged

A
  • Family owned estate along eastern edge of Saint Emilion
  • Clay - limestone soils
  • 96% Merlot, 4% Cabernet Franc
  • Aged 12-14 months before release (mainly vat but about 20% oak - with just 10% new)
29
Q

Medoc classification

A

1855 classification of the Medoc (60 Chateaux) - divided into First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Growths

1855 Classification of Sauternes (27 Chateaux) - First and Second Growths + one ‘Superior First Growth’ - Chateau d’Yquem

30
Q

Which medoc classifications get periodic updates?

A

1932 The Cru Bourgeois of the Medoc region. Over 200 properties which account for 40% of production

2006 “Cru Artisan” 44 properties in the Medoc and Haut-Medoc

31
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon: Varietal Characteristics

A
  • Red and blackcurrants (cassis)
  • Dark fruits
  • Tea
  • Herbaceous (green olives)
  • Bell pepper
  • Spicy
32
Q

Chateau le monteil darsac

GV %, aging

A
  • 52% Merlot, 48% Cabernet Sauvignon

- 25% aged in oak barrels for 12 months with 33% being new oak

33
Q

The 1st Growths

A
  • Chateau Haut - Brion (Graves)
  • Chateau Margaux (Margaux)
  • Chateau Lafite Rothschild (Pauillac)
  • Chateau Mouton Rothschild (Pauillac)
  • Chateau Latour (Pauillac)

Pricing can reach $1000 and more per bottle. Highly south after wines for investment

  • Chateau is the key
34
Q

What is unique about Chauteau Haut-Brion ?

A

The only Medoc 1855 Classification wine NOT in the Medoc

35
Q

What are the 6 Haut-Medoc Communes?

A
  1. Margaux
  2. Moulis
  3. Listrac
  4. Saint-Julien
  5. Pauillac
  6. Saint-Estephe
36
Q

St- Estephe

A
  • No first growths but many classified top chateaux

Chateau Montrose & Chateau Cos d’Estrounel (2nd)

Chateau Calon Segur (3rd)

Chateau Lafon-Rochet (4th)

37
Q

Paullac AOC - 3 first growths

A
  1. Chateau Lafite Rothschild
  2. Chateau Latour
  3. Chateau Mouton Rothschild
38
Q

St-Julien’s growths?

A

No first growths but classified Chateaux from 2nd to 4th

39
Q

Chateau De Camenso Haut Medoc AOC 2012

A

1855 Classification
Estate wine
$35

GV: Bordeaux; 50% Merlot / 50% Cabernet Sauvignon
Sight: ruby red, prple
Smell: Vanilla, Cherry

40
Q

Chateau Brane-Cantenac, Margaux

A

Classified
Estate wine
Grew and made by Henri Lurton
Location: Margaux

Sight: young, dark, vibrant
Smell: blackberry
Taste: pepper

double sorted grapes

41
Q

Sauternes + Barsac

A

Twin appellations established in 1936

42
Q

Saternes

ha, maximum yield, sugar per litre, minimum alcohol

A
  • 1,550 ha
  • 25 hl/ha maximum yield
  • Grapes affected by noble rot
  • At least 221 g of natural sugar per litre
  • Minimum alcohol 13%
  • 33,000 hl per year
43
Q

Barsac

A
  • 600 ha
  • 25 hl/ha maximum yield
  • Grapes affected by “noble rot”
  • At least 221 g of natural sugar per litre
  • Minimum alcohol 13%
  • 15,000 hl per year
  • Wine-growers in Barsac can choose between the AOC barsac and the AOC Sauternes
44
Q

Sauternes - Barsac Micro-climate

A
  • Combination of misty mornings and warm windy afternoons
  • Humidity comes from the nearby Landes pine forest to the south and the Ciron rivers to the norht
  • Dry easterly winds
45
Q

Noble Rot

A

There are multiple individual grape pics

46
Q

The development of Botrytis

A
  • As the grape is infected it turns brown
  • Sugar concentrate
  • Slow, very irregular process
  • Takes from weeks to several months
47
Q

Chateau Doisy-Daene Barsac AOC 2012

A

GV: Semillon

Varietal Characteristics - Candied peach, floral, mushrooms

Technical information: 82% Semillon/ 17% Sauvignon blanc/ 1% Muscadelle

  • 3 to 6 successfive pickings
  • Aged for 10 months in French oak
48
Q

Chateau Bonnet Entre Deux Mers AOC 2015

A 
Sight: pale gold
Smell: grapefruit, herbaceous
Taste: great boyd
Grape Variety: Sauvignon Blanc
Region: Entre Deux Mers

Price: $14

49
Q

Chateau Puy-Blanquet Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC 2014

A

GV: Merlot
Taste: softer tanins
Smell: Black raspberry, black fruit
Sight: dark red

50
Q

Left bank variety
Right bank variety

Hint: Do two c’s with hand

A

Left bank - Cabernet Sauvignon

Right bank - Merlot

Wines (14 decks)

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