willpower

Question 1

define self control

Answer 1

capacity to alter ones response in line with ones standards, ideals, values, morals and in pursuit of ones higher order goals

• deliberate, effortful and conscious subset of self regulation
• persistence at aversive tasks or inhibiting response to short term motivations

Question 2

define willpower

Answer 2

sc limited resource
strength/energy within oneself
reflects capacity to exert control at any one time
vulnerable to deterioration

Question 3

assumptions of willpower

Answer 3

resembles a muscle (oaten and cheng 2006)
attempt to conserve following depletion (muraven, shmulei + burkley 2006)
resources increase if stakes high enough

Question 4

trained

oaten and cheng 2006

Answer 4

gets tired via exhaustion - easily depleted
can be trained
domain general improvement
regular exertion improves self control and increases resistance to depletion
willpower deplete at a slower rate

Question 5

conserve

muraven, shmueli and burkley 2006

Answer 5

anticipating future self control + exerting past sc = conserve

• pps told about final 3rd task before 2nd involving sc
• poorer performance on 2nd task - correlate with report that trying to conserve
• conserve - did better in 3rd than those not motivated to conserve

Question 6

galliot et al 2007

resource as concrete substance

Answer 6

glucose = willpower
converted into energy required to fuel brain processes
self control proposed to reduce blood glucose
lemonade and sugar counteract depletion (de wall et al 2008)

Question 7

bau, muraven, bratlavsky and tice 1998

basic radish

Answer 7

preliminary self control via resisting temptation (radishes vs chocolate), reduces persistence at a frustrating puzzle solving task

Question 8

muraven et al 1998 basic/domain general

exp 1

Answer 8

emotional regulation (increase, decrease, experience) emotion to wildlife documentary 
= reduced persistence on handgrip task

Question 9

Muraven et al 1998

exp 2 basic/domain general

Answer 9

thought supression - wegner - white bear
reduce persistence on unsolvable anagram
– not due to distractor of thought - altered task show ability to control amusement only depleted following thought NOT arithematic

Question 10

de wall et al 2007

agg

Answer 10

essay in presence of donut or radish
neg feedback
make marker a sandwhich
"dont like hot sauce"
- donut increases amount people retaliate and give more hot sauce

Question 11

de wall et al 2008

altruism and glucose

Answer 11

habit e-crossing task
deplete by giving new rules that make harder
- reduces self reported willingness to help
- reduces self reported willingness to volunteer
++ increase with lemonade/sugar drink

Question 12

finkel et al 2008

domain general - relationships

Answer 12

non adaptive responses to partners - self report previously feeling depleted
emotion supression reduces report of positive accomodation to partner in hypothetical current situations **not mediated by commitment level

Question 13

muraven and slessareva

conserve

Answer 13

depletion counteract when motivated to overried

• ie chance to contribute to scientific research
• ie cash incentives to drink vinegar laden drink
• depletion + motivation jointly determine success

Question 14

muraven bau tice 1999

training

Answer 14

exercises: positive emotion reg, keeping a food diary, modifying verbal habits
- improve in hand grip following thought suppression

Question 15

oaten and cheng 2006
training
METHOD

Answer 15

exercise in lab 
- thought supression task (deplete)
- visual tracking of distraction (test)
- self reported everyday regulation behs
free gym membership - measure at bBL and 1+2 months into prog
\+ waitlist control

Question 16

oaten and cheng 2006
training
RESULTS

Answer 16

exercise: significant improvement in self-regulatory capacity as measured by an enhanced performance on the visual tracking task following a thought-suppression task
+ sig decreases in perceived stress, emotional distress, smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption, and an increase in healthy eating, emotional control, maintenance of household chores, attendance to commitments, monitoring of spending and an improvement in study habits. (except flossing and sleeping)

Question 17

resource as conserving
muraven, shmueli and burkley 2006
problems

Answer 17

self report of attempts to conserve may have put idea in mind **beliefs

how explain those who are not motivated to conserve?

Question 18

studies for training

Answer 18

oaten and cheng

muraven bau and tice

Question 19

studies for conserving

Answer 19

murven schmueli and berkley

Question 20

studies for replenishing resources

Answer 20

muraven and slessareva

Question 21

studies for domain general

Answer 21

muraven (emotion and thought)
bau (radishes)
finckel (relationships)
dewall (altruism, glucose, agg)