strategies to resist temptation Flashcards
Retraining - alcohol
Wiers
Alcoholics trained avoidances on push paradigm
reduce relapse up to 1 year
Retraining - Smoking
Macy
Web intervention of push/pull paradigm (vs left to right) on smoking cues
increase implicit negtive attitude to smoking
increase intentions to quit
Distancing
Removing from the immediate affectively charged situation
reduce anger rumination
fly on the wall
Retraining
Based on counteractive control
can retrain implicit approach/avoidance via motor system ctivation
Distancing study
Mischowski
Provoked by confederate
x3 - reflect: self distance, self immerse, no reflect
DV: freq and intensity of noise blasts
sig decrease when self distance
Mischel
Consume irrelevant
studies
slinky increase delay 15m
singing increase delay 12m
thinking of pretzel increase delay when marshmallow reward
Mischel
Consume irrelevant
problems
bridges delay but not long term
may disinhibit from distraction
Mishcel
Transform Relevant
studies
image/slides of temptation increase 9m
imgined frame increase 28m
Mishcel
Transform Relevant + construal study
high vs low construal
WHY pursue goal
HOW pursue gol
high reduce $ pay to recieve NOW > delay
Mindfulness
observational, decetnred and nonjudgemental appraisal of immedite thoughts, feelings etc
recog thoughts and feelings are transient
Mindfulness studies
Papies
curb sexual motivation towards attractive others
curbs hunger and attraction towards unhealthy food
Precommitment
Prevention of long term exposure to temptation by actively planning to avoid
Precommitment
study
Wertenbroch
healthy buy smaller portions of high cal food not low cal
even though more expensive to do so
self invoked rewarding or punishing
Important future goal discounted with time - need to make goal more important and temptation less so
reward goal pursuit
punish sc failure
self invoked rewarding or punishing
study
- pps told could recieve important info about cog ability following task
BUT requires not eat for short (6h) or long (3d) period of time - how mush $ willing to pay for self/other if fail?
- SELF: more money for self in long - if fail then motivation not to
- OTHER: more money for self in short term - punish for not trying?
bridging the future and current self
Have temporally separate selves similar to how we see other people
- tendency to privilege current>future because dont perceive as close
bridging the future and current self mri study (1)
pps in mri - task: apply judgement words to self/other/future self etc
- brain pattern activation when judging future self similar to when judging other people > self
bridging the future and current self
decision making study (2)
pps in financial decision making task
choice between small $ now or large $ later
those whos pattern of activation for future self most similar to others > self, more likely to chose small immediate>delayed rewards
bridging the future and current self savings study (3)
1500 people asked:
arons paradigm to future self
savings
- closer to future self had more savings/accumulated wealth - even when control for age, income and education
bridging the future and current self
study to overcome - virtual reality
use aged version of digital character of self in virtual reality
- future self more likely to put x2 $ in saving account than current self
counteractive control
automatic aymmetric shift in motivation away from temptation and towards goal
varies as function of goal saliency and temptation magnitude/desire strength
counteractive control
donut
prime donut - think slim
prime goal - think neg auto for tempt
counteractive control
f+s
approach avoid paradigm
images of goal (assignment) or tempt (fb)
push and pull
implicit tendency to approach goals and avoid temptations - requires a relevant long-term goal
moderated self-regulatory effectiveness and extent of the threat temptations
counteractive control
study - partners
men automatically shift attention away from attractive women when partner made salient
regulation of availability/opportunity
strategies
precommitment
punishment/reward
regulation of availability/opportunity
thaler and shefrin
christmas savings accounts
habitual self control
strategies
retraining
implementation intentions
habitual self control
theories
counteractive control theory - fishbach, zhang, trope
post choice dissonance reduction - aronson
cognitive reconstrual
theories
construal level
mischel hot/cold strategies (consume irrelevant/transform relevant - strategies)
cognitive reconstrual
strategies
mishcel transform strategies construal level strategies - abstraction mindfulness distancing future self
overall strategies of self control
cognitive reconstrual
habitual self control
regulation of availability/opportunity
