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SELF CONTROL > sc real world > Flashcards

sc real world Flashcards

1
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012

AIM

A

how effectively do people resist temptations in everyday life?

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2
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012

METHOD

A

experience sampling - german students over 7 days
how often and how strongly are your desires felt
how often do the desires conflict
how often are they acted on or inhibited

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3
Q

define desire

A

affectively charged cog event assoc with pleasure or the relief of discomfort
interplay between salient conditions in environ and states of person
vary in strength and potential to motivate beh

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4
Q

define conflict

A

provides a potential reason not to act on a desire

may be problematic (signal discrepancy with higher order goal = control) or unproblematic (enact unless restricted)

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5
Q

define resistance

A

form of self control

assumed to be dependent on the degree of conflict

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6
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012

4 step conceptual model of motivated beh

A
  1. conflict/desire strength
    - conflict positive influence on 2. resistance - encourages
    - desire negative influence on 2. resistance - weakens, and positive influence on 3. enactment
  2. resistance - self control - negative influence on 3. beh enactment
  3. beh enactment
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7
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012
4 step conceptual model of motivated beh
MODERATORS

A

personality and situational variables may moderate perception of conflict, level of desire strength felt and ability to resist

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8
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012

MAIN FINDINGDS

A

desire strength unrelated to conflict and not predict resistance
conflict predict higher resistance and lower enactment
- resistance direct neg on enactment
no resist - desire enacted 70% time
resist - desire enacted 17% time
2.4x more enact if desire is stronger
desire strength predicted by duration

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9
Q

hoffman, baumeister, forster and vohs 2012

FINDINGS ON DESIRES

A

main daily desires are integral - food/sleep/leisure
high conflict: eating, media, social contact, leisure
low conflict: non alc, sports, spending, coffee

highest control failure: eating and media use

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10
Q

shoda mischel and peak 1990

sc in later success

A

preschool delay grat a 6y/o to 10 years later
Q on coping and cog competency and SAT schores

^sc = ^academic, social, verbal fluency, attention, planning, rational, and ^ coping

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11
Q

Casey et al 2012
neural correlated of delay grat
METHOD

A

40 yeards after DG paradigm
task:
refrain response to cool stimuli or to hot stimuli
- social cues - emotive or neutral

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12
Q

Casey et al 2012
neural correlated of delay grat
BEH RESULTS

A

DG only in ability to supress response to hot

worse DG at 4y/o = difficult to supress response to happy face in mid40s

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13
Q

Casey et al 2012
neural correlated of delay grat
NEURAL RESULTS

A

successful response inhibition pos correlate with activity in right inferior frontal gyrus

worse delay grat ability diminished reight inferior frontal gyrus recruitment for correct no go (inhibit) > go (dont inhibit) trials - more difficult to supress response

wose delay grat = increased activity in ventral striatum (subject to individual differences)

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14
Q

Hoffmann et al 2012

why is control important

A

control acts as a buffer against mental health vulnerabilities
ie BMI, drug addiction, anxieties, divorce

plays a sig role in outocmes with age

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15
Q

moffitt et al 2011

sc child to adult

A

correlate with later health wealth and crime
low sc:
poorer health, more wealth probs, single and more criminal convictions

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16
Q

tagney et al 2004

self control scale

A

10 statements to rate in similarity to oneself

ie “i get distracted easily”

17
Q

tagney et al 2004
self control scale
RESULTS

A

high score on scale correlate with
higher gpa, better adjustment, less binge/smoke/alc, better interpersonal relationships, more secure attatchments and more stable emotionality

18
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
REFLECTIVE PRECURSORS

A

serves regulatory goals for higher order operations
ie exec fucntions:
plan and action, judge and eval, inhibition, pursuit and maintenance
slow, controlled, flexible

19
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
IMPULSIVE PRECURSORS

A

generates impulsivity
assumed to emerge from assoc in memory via perceptual and imagines stimulus input
gradually strengthened assoc via temporal/spatial activation, affect, and beh tendencies
form associative clusters:
external and internal cues = affective and beh outcomes
- prep to respond quickly in accordance with needs and past expectancies
ie choc and hunger = feel good and eat

20
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators of precursor role on sc outcome

A

resources
cog capacity-wm
emotion reg

21
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
RESOURCES

A

bau - ego depletion
low control resources selectively impair reflective system
undermine ability to represent restraint standards and monitor beh

22
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
COG CAPACITY/WM

A

high wm = high goal enactment = high shielding

higher wm = more reflective precursor dominance

23
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
COG CAPACITY/WM
HOFMAN ET AL 2009 (choc)
A

choc vs fruit IAT
chose 5 items - either fruit or choc whilst:
1. keep 8 digit string in mind
2. keep 1 digit string in mind
8 digit predicted by IAT - cog load modrate impulsive precursor

24
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
COG CAPACITY/WM
HOFMAN ET AL 2009 (men)
A

hetero men shown erotic slides and art pics and asked questions
DV: view time, IAT of erotic images

reflective eval predict view time for high wm
impulsive att predict view time for low wm

25
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION

A

negative affect thought to hinder sc
impair exec?
impair affect reg?

26
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION
logue 1993
A

overweight eat excessively when anxious/depressed

27
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION
greeno and wing 1994
A

excessive eating due to neg affect have downward spiral effect
distress breaks diet - increase distress

28
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION
escape theory - polivy and herman
A

failure in sc hyp to be related to a shift in priority towards the immediate present moment
feeling good = distal goal
distress promotes short term focus
immediate escape of neg affect via immediate pleasure
sacrifice LT in the face of ST pleasure to alleviate distress

29
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION
TICE 2011 METHOD
A 
taste test following neg mood induction
"mood feexing"
exp: told mood unchangeable
control : not 
- only when self reg possible do people seek affective benefit?
30
Q 
Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009 
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes 
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REGULATION
TICE 2011 FINDINGS
A

neg affect increase consumption only when mood not frozen
distress undermines delay only when not frozen
procrastinate more in neg moos only when not frozen

(findings for both appetitive pos st (food) and for concrete st ie games)

31
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REG: MOTIVATION

A

impaired self motivation cause approach to impulsive precursors
apathy : cease caring
rebellion : willingly thwart progress
self efficacy: feel incapable of progress to LT

32
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REG: PRIORITY SHIFT

A

self reg strategic: violate other sc when give priority to other means of reg
- ie quest for pleasure to alleviate distress more important than impulse control
distress increases subjective intensity of hedonistic desires

33
Q

Hofmann, Friese and Strack 2009
Dual systems perspective of self control outcomes
situational/dispositional moderators
EMOTION REG: EVERS 2010

A

reappraisal: adaptive ER, suppression: maladaptive
- impact strategies to control food intake?

all who suppress eat more (both naturally and induced)

34
Q

how are temptations determined?

A

meaning of a stimulus dependent on the goal most highly activated in the moment
ie social, emotional, academic
priorities determine what stimuli interfere with goal

SELF CONTROL (7 decks)

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