Wildlife & Zoo Anesthesia Flashcards
Why are high potency opioids used?
not for analgesia, but for sedation to make animal fall
Which high potency opioids are used?
Etorphine
Thiafentanil
Carfentanil
What are the side effects of high potency opioids?
excitation capture myopathy regurg resp depression muscle rigidity renarcotization
What is renarcotization?
when half life of agonist drug is longer than antagonist drug, so animal will recover then become sedated again
Which opioid antagonists are used?
Naltrexone
Naloxone
Diprenorphine
Which dissociative anesthetics are used?
Ketamine
Tiletamine + zolazepam
Which alpha 2 agonist used for sedation has the shortest duration of action?
Xylazine
What are good sedation / tranquilization drugs?
alpha 2 agonists
benzodiazepines
ace
azaperone
What are good long acting sedatives usually used for hoofstock?
Periphenazine
Zuclopenthixol
Why should MNBs NOT be used alone?
provides paralysis w consciousness, which is inhumane
What is the ideal drug protocol?
rapid onset narcosis high therapeutic index reversible small volume analgesia if doing more intense procedure
What kind of dart is most commonly used? (explosive discharge, compressed air, or spring-acivated)
compressed air
Why would you use the lowest velocity possible for darting?
bc velocity has greatest effect on kinetic energy, so lower velocity means better reach & accuracy
What do you have to aim the dart for?
large muscles of hindlimb
What recumbency should elephants be in?
lateral bc do not breathe well in sternal
What is the concern about hyperthermia & hypothermia?
Inability to regulate body temp under anesthesia, so capture needs to be planned based on weather, time of day, season, etc
What are signs of hypoxemia?
tachycardia
tachypnea, increased effort
What are the negative side effects of hypoxemia?
neurologic damage
muscle damage
death
Capture myopathy is most common in which animals?
hoofstock
What does capture myopathy cause?
hyperthermia lactic & metabolic acidosis myocyte death & rupture myoglobinemia & myoglobinuria acute renal failure hyperkalemia cardiac arrhythmias death
What are the 4 recognized syndromes of Capture Myopathy?
- Acute death syndrome –> acidosis w/in 3-4 hours
- Delayed peracute death syndrome –> death 1 day post capture
- Ataxic-myoglobinuric syndrome –> acute renal failure & death w/in 4-5 days
- Muscle rupture syndrome –> hyperflexion of hock 1-2 days post-capture
How do you prevent capture myopathy?
limit chase to 2 mins
wait 1 day btwn failed attempts
limit stress after capture
What drug should NOT be given to tigers?
telazol
What drug combos should be used in rhinos?
butorphenol combos
