Ruminant Anesthesia Flashcards
How long should adult large ruminants be fasted for?
no food 12-18 hrs
no water 8-13 hrs
How long should sheep & goats be fasted for?
no food 12-18 hrs
no water 4 hrs
How long should calves, lambs, kids be fasted for?
n/a if less than 1 month old
no food for 2-4 hrs if over 1 month
What are the 4 common problems w anesthesia?
regurg & aspiration
ruminal tympany
salivation
cardio-respiratory effects
How do you minimize the risk of aspiration?
intubate quickly, used cuffed ETT, allow drainage from mouth during GA
Why does gas build up during anesthesia & cause bloat?
eructation stops during GA which compresses the diaphragm causing hypoventilation & risk of hypoxemia & hypotension
Which vein do you place the IV catheter?
Left jugular vein
What size catheter do you use for adult cattle?
12-14 g
What size catheter do you use in calves, goats, sheep?
16-18 g
What premedication is used?
Ace & Butorphenol
What drugs are used for sedation?
Ace
Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine)
Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam)
What is the problem w Ace?
increased risk of regurg & contradicted in hypovolemic patients
What is the mainstay of pre-med in cattle?
Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists
What is the side effects of Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists?
hypertension & reflex bradycardia
What is the effect of Xylazine on ruminants compared to horses?
2x more sensitive, so use 1/10 of the dose
What are the 3 reversals for alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists?
Atipamezole
Yohimbine
Tolazoline
Which drugs are Benzodiazepines used in combination w for induction?
Ketamine
Do Benzodiazepines have analgesic effect? CV effects? Respiratory effects?
No
minimal
minimal
What is the reversal agent for Benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
Which drugs are not recommended for routine use in ruminants & why?
Anticholinergics (Atropine & Glycopyrrolate) bc produce more viscid saliva & decreases GI motility
Which NSAIDs are used as analgesia?
Carpofen
Meloxicam
Which opioid is used for analgesia?
Butorphenol
Which drugs are used for induction?
Ketamine
Telazol
Propofol
Alfazalone
How do you intubate cattle?
by direct palpation
adult cattle: 20-30
calves: 8-12
How do you intubate small ruminants?
blind, by external palpation
OR
direct visualization
adults: 7-12
How do you extubate?
leave ETT in place until chewing on it & leave cuff inflated
Why should the ruminant be in sternal recumbancy for recovery?
to help w tympany & enable eructation
Why do camels & camelids have a higher erythrocyte count & lower MCV?
they usually live in higher altitude
What drugs do you use for sedating a camel/camelid?
Xylazine +/- Butorphenol
What drugs are used for induction for camels & camelids?
Guaiphenesin + Ketamine
sometime propofol
What drug is used for maintenance in camels/camelids?
Iso
