Special Species Anesthesia

Question 1

What is the main cause of death in dogs, cats, rabbits?

Answer 1

recovery

Question 2

Should special species be fasted?

Answer 2

NO; rats & mice do not vomit, rabbits & guinea pigs experience GI disturbances

Question 3

What the the 2 major complications of anesthesia?

Answer 3

high risk of hypothermia & hypoglycemia

Question 4

What is different about the dosing?

Answer 4

require high doses bc they have high metabolic rates

Question 5

What route of drug administration is most preferred?

Answer 5

SQ

Question 6

Which drugs are used in combination IV?

Answer 6

Ketamine & Alpha 2 adrenoceptors

Question 7

What inhalant anesthetic is used?

Answer 7

iso or sevo

Question 8

What animal is iso irritant to?

Answer 8

guinea pigs

Question 9

What method is used for induction & maintenance?

Answer 9

mask

Question 10

What breathing system is used & why?

Answer 10

non-rebreathing bc low resistance w smaller dead space

Question 11

If not dehydrated, how do you administer fluids?

Answer 11

SQ or IP

Question 12

What is most important about post-op care & pain assessment?

Answer 12

you need to know NORMAL

Question 13

Which opioid is most commonly used for analgesia?

Answer 13

Burpenorphine

Question 14

Which drugs are used for chronic pain management?

Answer 14

Gabapentin & Pregabalin

Question 15

What is the average temperature for aquatic & temperate sps?

Answer 15

20-25 C

Question 16

What is the average temperature for tropical sps?

Answer 16

25-35 C

Question 17

What is the CV anatomy of squamotes & chelonians?

Answer 17

3 chambered heart (2 atria & 1 ventricle)

Question 18

What is the CV anatomy of crocodillians?

Answer 18

4 chambered heart

Question 19

What is the normal chelonian BP?

Answer 19

15-30 mmHg

Question 20

What is the normal lizard BP?

Answer 20

60-80 mmHg

Question 21

Is the oxygen consumption lower or higher than mammals & birds?

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

What makes anesthetics drugs have more respiratory depressant effect?

Answer 22

lack of diaphragm, so inspiration & expiration are active processes

Question 23

Why should nephrotoxic drugs be avoided and injections into the limb legs be avoided?

Answer 23

bc blood from hind legs & tail may pass via kidneys before returning to the heart

Question 24

What combination of drugs should be used for sedation?

Answer 24

Benzodiazepines & alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists IM

Question 25

What are the options for injectable anesthetics?

Answer 25

Propofol IV
Alfaxalone
Ketamine
Zolazepan + Tiletamine

Question 26

What are the negative side effects of Propofol?

Answer 26

decreased HR & respiratory depression

Question 27

What is important about Ketamine?

Answer 27

dose related to body temperature

Question 28

Can a snake be intubated awake?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

What is important about chelonian & crococilian intubation?

Answer 29

tracheal rings are complete so avoid inflating cuff

Question 30

What is important about chelonian intubation?

Answer 30

trachea bifurcates rostrally, so it is easy to intubate only one bronchus

Question 31

What is different about reptile blood?

Answer 31

hypotonic compared to mammals

Question 32

What type of fluids can be used in reptiles?

Answer 32

isotonic saline diluted w sterile water 9:1
reptile ringers (2 parts dextrose/saline, 1 part LRS)

Question 33

What fluids do you use for hypovolemic reptiles?

Answer 33

hypertonic colloids & colloids

Question 34

What is most important to monitor in reptiles?

Answer 34

body temp & protect eyes

Question 35

Which NSAID is used?

Answer 35

Meloxicam

Question 36

Which local anesthetic is used?

Answer 36

Lidocaine