Canine Anesthesia Flashcards
History; What is the concern with diuretics?
hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalance
History; What is the concern with ACE inhibitors, Ca channel blockers, beta blockers?
unresponsive hypotension secondary to anesthetics
History; What is the concern with anti-epileptics?
additive sedation
History; What 2 systems should you look for signs of systemic disease?
cardiac & pulmonary
History; blood transfusions in dogs
first transfusion, dog is “free”, no naturally occurring antibodies, antibodies develop 1 wk after first transfusion, so after first, must be crossmatched
What is the problem w recovery for Sighthounds?
prolonger recovery w Thiobarbiturates, Propofol, Alfaxalone
What is the problem w recovery for Boxers?
sensitivity to ACE
What is the problem w recovery for Bachycephalic breeds?
airway syndrome –> monitor after premed, smaller tube than expected, preoxygenate, O2 until exubation
What is the problem w recovery for small breeds?
tracheal collapse –> avoid excitement, logner ET tube to get to carina
What is a common problem in Dobermans & Boxers?
Cardiomyopathy
What is a common problem in Schnauzers?
Sick sinus syndrome
What is a common CV problem in small breeds?
Mitral valve disease
What is a common vagal problem in brachycephalic breeds & Dachshunds?
increased vagal tone
What is needed for a general premed?
Opioid + Sedative
Which mu agonist opioids are least likely to cause vomiting?
Fentanyl & Methadone
When wouldn’t you want vomiting?
increased ICP, increased IOP, patient unable to protect airway
What is a non-anestetic premed used as an H1 antihistamine?
Diphenhydramine
What is a no-anesthetic premed used as an NK1 receptor antagonist?
Maropitant (Cerenia)
Which sedative causes mild-moderate sedation and hypotension?
Acepromazine
Which sedative causes marked sedation, hypertension, reflex bradycardia, decreased CO?
Dexdomitor
Which sedative causes not much sedation in healthy patients, but has minimal CV & reps effects?
Benzodiazepines
What premed / anesthesia should you use for an aggressive dog?
IM Ketamine, Telazol, or Alfaxalone WITH Alpha -2 agonist AND opioid
What combination is dangerous for an aggressive dog?
Alpha 2 agonist W/O anesthetic drug
Which premed should be used for patients w pre-existing high vagal tone & in puppies?
Anticholinergics
What are the induction drugs?
Propofol Alfaxalone Ketamine + Benzo Etomidate Thiopental
Which drug has a high therapeutic index?
Ketamine
Why are dogs the easiest species to intubate?
mouths can open wide, large trachea
What anatomical landmark should the ET tube go to?
thoracic inlet so can provide O2 to both lungs
What are the inhalant anesthetics used for maintenance?
Iso
Sevo
What are the injectable anesthetics that can be used for maintenance?
Propofol
Alfaxalone
Which injectable drug should NOT be used for maintenance and why?
Etomidate bc causes adrenal suppression
Which adjunct drugs are administered CRI for maintenance?
Opioids
Lidocaine
Ketamine
Benzo
What is the common IV fluid rate for dogs?
10 ml/kg/hr
Which fluid should you use?
balanced, isotonic, crystalloid fluids
Which drugs are used to treat hypotension in healthy dogs?
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Ephedrine
Which drugs are used to treat hypotension in sick dogs?
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
What is very common in dogs undergoing anesthesia?
Regurg
What are the 4 things to do if regurg occurs?
- postural drainage while still anesthetized w nose down
- swab / suction caudal oropharynx before extubation
- keep cuff inflated or partially inflated for extubation
- place in sternal recumbency
What drugs would you give a patient w high risk of regurg, before surgery, to increase gastric pH?
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI): Omeprazole or Esomeprazole
What drugs would you give to a patient w high risk of regurg to decrease incidence of gastroesophageal reflux?
Porkinetic drugs: Metoclopramide or Cisapride
