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Anesthesiology Midterm II > Equine Anesthesia > Flashcards

Equine Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 characteristics that increases anesthetic risk of mortality?

A
  1. mares in last 3rd pregnancy
  2. horses undergoing colic surgery
  3. # repair for internal fixation
  4. surgery over 4 hours
  5. foals less than 1 month & horses older than 12 years
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2
Q

Which premedication will decrease the risk of anesthetic mortality?

A

Acepromazine

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3
Q

What are the 4 most common causes of death associated w anesthesia?

A

cardiac arrest
post-operative collapse
fractures
myopathy

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4
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of death during anesthesia recovery?

A

Fractures

dislocation

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5
Q

What is the normal horse HR?

A

20-45 bpm

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6
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia?

A

2nd degree AV block

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7
Q

Which respiratory disease is common in horses over 10 years?

A

COPD

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8
Q

What are signs of sedation in horse?

A

head down, droopy lips, sleepy, wide based stance

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9
Q

Which premed is used in combination w other sedatives?

A

Acepromazine

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10
Q

What are the 3 contraindications of Ace?

A

hypovolemic
young foal
breeding stallion

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11
Q

What are the alpha adrenoceptor agonists used for premed?

A

Xylazine
Detomidine
Romifidine
Metetomidine

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12
Q

Which alpha adrenoceptor agonist has the shortest duration of action?

A

Xylazine

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13
Q

Which alpha adrenoceptor agonist has the least amount of analgesia & ataxia?

A

Romifidine

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14
Q

What is the major side effect of opioid?

A

decreased GI motility

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15
Q

Which drug is used for tranquilization in foals under 2 months & why?

A

Benzodiazepines (diazepam & midazolam) bc few CV & resp effects

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16
Q

What effect does Thiopental have on horse induction?

A

rapid induction

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17
Q

What effect foes Ketamine have on horse induction?

A

slower induction, so is the better option of Thiopental

18
Q

There are lots of combinations for induction anesthesia, but what drug is used in most/all combinations?

A

Ketamine

19
Q

Which induction drug is not used in adult horses?

A

Propofol bc cost to volume

20
Q

What is the only licensed drug to use for inhalant anesthesia in horses?

A

Isofluorane

21
Q

Increasing the vaporizer will do what?

A

cause more hyperventilation & more hypotension

22
Q

What setting should the vaporizer be on initially & then for maintenance?

A

4-6% then 2-3%

23
Q

What should the oxygen be on initially then for maintenance?

A

6-10 L/min then 5-10 ml/kg/min

24
Q

What is the maximum duration for TIVA w inhalant anesthesia & why?

A

2 hours bc accumulation

25
Q

What does TIVA consist of?

A

GG
Alpha 2 agonist (Xylazine, Detomidine, Romifidine)
Ketamine

26
Q

Why is it important to monitor arterial BP?

A

bc there is an association btwn BP monitoring & occurrence of myopathy

27
Q

Which arteries can be used for arterial BP?

A

transverse facial a
facial a
digital a

28
Q

What is the aim of MAC?

A

> 70 mmHg

29
Q

What does the pulse ox measure & what is the minimum accepted value?

A

Hb saturation

90

30
Q

What are the pain management options for horses?

A

NSAIDs
Alpha 2 agonist
Opioids

31
Q

What is the risk of hypotension during anesthesia?

A

reduced organ perfusion & increased risk of myopathy

32
Q

How do you treat hypotension?

A

decrease vaporizer
increase rate of fluids
vasoactive drugs

33
Q

What is the risk of hypoventilation during anesthesia?

A

leads to resp acidosis & increased risk of arrhythmias

34
Q

How do you treat hypoventilation?

A

decrease anesthetic depth (if possible)

IPPV

35
Q

What is the risk of hypoxemia during anesthesia?

A

decreased O2 delivery to tissues

36
Q

How do you treat hypoxemia?

A 
increase FiO2
mechanical ventilation
beta 2 agonist
change position
reduce pressure from abdominal contents
37
Q

How do you prevent myopathy?

A

minimum MAP of 70 mmHg

38
Q

What are the characteristics of a better recovery?

A

longer recovery, shorter surgery, less invasive surgery

39
Q

What inhalant anesthesia is the best?

A

Halothane

40
Q

Donkeys & Mules are less sensitive to which anesthetic drugs?

A

alpha 2 agonist

41
Q

Which injectable anesthetic drug are donkeys & mules more sensitive to & what does it cause?

A

Guaifensin causes respiratory arrest

Anesthesiology Midterm II (9 decks)

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