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A-Level History: The Origins of Conflict, 1450-1459 > Why had relations deteriorated between York and Somerset by 1453? > Flashcards

Why had relations deteriorated between York and Somerset by 1453? Flashcards

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1
Q

What had Somerset and York’s opposition stemmed from?

Loss of Normandy

A

The losses in Normandy

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2
Q

When was York replaced as Lieutenant of France?

Loss of Normandy

A

1447

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3
Q

Who became Lieutenant of France in 1447/

Loss of Normandy

A

The Duke of Somerset

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4
Q

What had York lost due to his replacement as LoI?

Loss of Normandy

A

Many personal lands and supporters

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5
Q

What had fallen into factions?

Loss of Normandy

A

The influential figures in Normandy

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6
Q

Which members of the nobility supported Somerset and were favoured in 1450s government?

Loss of Normandy

A

Lord Hoo and the Earl of Shrewsbury

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7
Q

Which members of nobility supported York and were excluded from government after 1450?

Loss of Normandy

A

Sir William Oldhall, Sir Edmund Murso and Henry Retford

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8
Q

How did York use the loss of Normandy to his advantage?

Loss of Normandy

A

He used the event as propaganda, claiming that he was the’lost leader’ and that he would’ve saved Normandy

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9
Q

Where did Yorks propaganda take the most effect?

Loss of Normandy

A

Kent and South East England

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10
Q

CA: What could the losses in France be pinned to disregarding Somerset’s influence?

Loss of Normandy

A

The corrupt and unstable position of Henry VI/Henry VI’s government

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11
Q

CA: What was Henry VI not involved with due to his ‘weakness’?

Loss of Normandy

A

Military

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12
Q

What financial position was Richard of York in by 1450?

Financial Resentment

A

Heavy debt

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13
Q

What was York owed by the exchequer even though it was rarely paid?

Financial Resentment

A

Hereditary annuities (payments) of £1000 a year

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14
Q

How much did York bankroll the war with Normandy?

Financial Resentment

A

£38,000 - it was slow to be repaid

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15
Q

Why was Somerset more reliant of annuities from the King?

Financial Resentment

A

He was land poor so made little money himself

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16
Q

How much was Somerset paid by the exchequer due to his positions and offices?

Financial Resentment

A

£2,000

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17
Q

How much did Somerset make annually from his lands?

Financial Resentment

A

£300

18
Q

What decided the order at which individuals were paid by the exchequer? Why?

Financial Resentment

A

Royal favour - As the crown was in debt and there was limited money in the exchequer, the King chose who got paid and when

19
Q

Who relied of royal favour ?

Financial Resentment

A

Somerset

20
Q

CA: Why was financial resentment from York limited?

Financial Resentment

A

He was still a wealthy landowner and sometimes seen as one of the King’s favourites

21
Q

What did Henry and his government remain sensitive to even though it was widely accepted?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

The Lancastrian claim to the throne

22
Q

How many lines to the throne did Richard of York have?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

2 - his parents (who were cousins) were married

23
Q

What were the lines to the throne for York?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

Mortimer and Langley

24
Q

Why was the household hostile towards York?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

As he was heir presumptive between 1447 and 1453

25
Q

Who was placed in the Tower of London in may 1451?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

Thomas Young

26
Q

What did Thomas Young do?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

He proposed in parliament that York was to be formally recognised as heir

27
Q

What was William Oldhall accused of in 1450?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

Trying to make York king

28
Q

When was the Shrewsbury Manifesto published and why was it threatening?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

1452 - It was attempting to make York seem like the heir/possible owner of the throne

29
Q

What link to royal blood did Somerset have?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

He was a descendent of Edward II and John of Gaunt - like Henry VI

30
Q

Why was Somersets royal blood weak?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

The Beauforts were barred from the succession due to their illegitimacy, however, the king could change this

31
Q

What marriage did Somerset arrange? Why?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

Marriage of his niece, Margaret Beaufort, to Suffolk’s son to provide another Lancastrian to rival York if Henry had no children

32
Q

Why did York have a longstanding grievance against the Lancastrians?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

His father had been executed for his attempt to overthrow Henry V in 1415 and replace him with the Mortimer line

33
Q

CA: Why was this not causing continuous deterioration of the relationship?

Dynastic Rivalry

A

As it had no direct implications

34
Q

What do some argue about York’s character in the 1440s?

A

That he is not the hated outsider that he presented himself as, so his opposition to Somerset and Suffolk was opportunistic

35
Q

What actions suggest York was not ‘‘outcast’’ by the government?

A
  • The plans for a marriage between Richard of York’s eldest son (Rutland) to marry a French princess (led by Suffolk)
  • York’s involvement in decisions of how to surrender Maine
  • His presence in the parliament where Gloucester was arrested for treason as=nd charged with death
36
Q

What marriage did York arrange in 1445?

A

His daughter Anne to Henry Holland, the future Duke of Exeter

37
Q

How did York’s daughters marriage benefit him in June 1447?

A

He was given wardship over his underaged son in law

38
Q

Why were York’s complaints regarding him being sent to Ireland weak?

A

He was allowed to hold office through a deputy, so didn’t need to go in person if he didn’t want

39
Q

Why was York the King’s natural choice for Lieutenant of Ireland?

A

He had many lands there and was a good choice fro representation due to his descent form Lionel of Clarence

40
Q

Why is there doubt of a poor relationship with Somerset before 1450?

A

In 1448, a piece of land was placed in joint trusteeship of York and Somerset

41
Q

CA: Why may have York seen it to be his duty to intervene in the government?

A

It may have been necessary to remove Somerset as he had become too closely associated with the household, and tainted by the losses in France to fully unite political society

A-Level History: The Origins of Conflict, 1450-1459 (19 decks)

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