why don't offsprings always looks like their parents? Flashcards
genetics
the study of heredity
heredity
passing of traits to offsprings
traits
charaistics parent(s) are able to pass to offsprings
order of DNA (small - large)
gene, dna, chromosome, cell, nuecelus
what does genes control?
traits
how are genes passed on?
randomly
how many genes are in a human body?
20,000-25,000
alleles
different types of traits, 1 allele from each parent
gentotype
a combonation of allele
phenotype
physical trait
hertozygous (hybrid)
mix of different alleles (Bb)
homozygous (purebred)
the same alleles (BB, bb)
polygenetics
traits controlled by multiple genes
mutation
change in DNA that codes for a specific gene, change in chromosome shape/number
change DNA:
copying mistake, eviorimental triggers
human cell contains:
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
beneficial mutation:
a mutation that has a postive effect on the organism
neutral mutation:
a mutation that is neither beneifical nor harmful
negative mutation:
a mutation that harms the organism
sexual reproduction:
more time, more energy, 2 parents, diverse, ability to remove mutations overtime, DNA from different parents
asexual reproduction
less time, less energy, 1 parent, uniform, mutation stays within the population, exact DNA as parent
all organisms are driven by instincts to do 2 things:
survive, reproduce