macromolecules and the digestive system

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

• elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)
• monomer: monossaccride
• polymer: polysaccharide
• function: stores short-term energy
• foods: bread, pasta, rice

Question 2

protein

Answer 2

• elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (chon)
• monomer: amino acid or peptide
• polymer: polypeptide chain
• functions: enzymes (speeds up chemical reactions), transport (helps move things in and out of cells, immunity (helps fight off sickness)
• foods: meats, beans, nuts

Question 3

lipids

Answer 3

• elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (cho)
• monomer: fatty acid
• polymer:
  
  • saturated fatty acids: single bonds between carbons
  • unsaturated fatted acids: double bonds between carbons
• functions: stores long-term energy, thermal insulation, waterproofing, cell membrane stabling
• foods: oil, nuts, avocado, butter

Question 4

nucleic acid

Answer 4

• elements: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur (chonps)
• monomer: nucleotide
• polymer: nucleic acid (dna or rna)
• functions: code for proteins
  
  • dna: stores genetic information
  • rna: transmit genetic information

Question 5

how are molecules formed?

Answer 5

by chemical reactions, the breaking or making of bonds between atoms

Question 6

what happens when bonds are broken or formed?

Answer 6

when bonds break, energy is released, when bonds are formed energy is absorbed into the bond, but it will not be released until broken

Question 7

which six elements are living organisms mostly made from?

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 8

mouth

Answer 8

physical/mechanical digestion - teeth

chemical digestion - saliva

breaks down food

Question 9

esophagus

Answer 9

peristalsis: a muscle that pushes food

moves food to the stomach

Question 10

stomach

Answer 10

physical and chemical digestion

pepsin and hydrochloric acid

Question 11

small intestine

Answer 11

chemical digestion - lipids, proteins, carbs

absorption - monomers move out of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 12

large intestine

Answer 12

absorbs water and vitamins

eliminates/egest the waste

Question 13

liver

Answer 13

creates bile

bile: a substance that breaks down lipids

Question 14

gall-bladder

Answer 14

stores/hold bile

Question 15

pancreas

Answer 15

makes enzymes

neutralizes stomach acid