cell cycle and cancer

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

• all cells come from existing cells
• asexual reproduction
• new cells are produced to grow, repair, and reproduce
• dna must be copied before division, dna replication

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

• eukaryote cell division

Question 3

binary fission

Answer 3

• prokaryote cell division

Question 4

dna structure

Answer 4

dna is coiled around a protein called histones

dna is usually found in the nucleus in a pasta form, chromatin

when cells get ready for division, they get condensed into a chromosome

• when the chromosome replicates into two, they are chromatids
  
  • centromere attaches the chromosomes together
  • they are no longer chromatids if they are seperated

Question 5

g1 - primary growth phase

Answer 5

• cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles

Question 6

synthesis phase

Answer 6

• dna is copied/replicated

Question 7

g2 - secondary growth phase

Answer 7

• occurs after dna is copied
• cell structure needed for division is made
• both organelles and proteins are synthesized

Question 8

prophase (prepare)

Answer 8

• dna coils into chromosomes, dna is already replicated so there are two sister chromatids
• nuclear envelope dissolves
• spindle fibers form (from the centrioles)
• centrioles begin to migrate to poles

Question 9

metaphase (middle)

Answer 9

• chromosomes line up in the midline of the cell
• spindle fibers form completely and attach to the centromeres

Question 10

anaphase (apart)

Answer 10

• sister chromatids are separated
• spindle fibers shorten and pulls towards poles

Question 11

telophase (two)

Answer 11

• chromosomes begin to unwind into chromatin
• spindle fibers disappear
• nuclear envelope forms
• cleavage deepens

Question 12

cytokinesis

Answer 12

• complete separation of cytoplasm
• two new nuclei are completely formed
• daughter cells:
  
  • identical dna
  • smaller than the original cell