cellular transport and homeostasis

Question 1

concentration gradient

Answer 1

area of high concentration next to an area of low concentration

Question 1

semi-permable

Answer 1

allows some substances through

Question 2

permable

Answer 2

allows all substances through

Question 3

in-permable

Answer 3

does not allow any substances through

Question 4

hydrophilic

Answer 4

molecule with the ability to bond to water, water-loving

Question 5

hydrophobic

Answer 5

molecules that does not have the ability to bond to water, water-fearing

Question 6

glycolipid

Answer 6

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

Question 7

glycoprotein

Answer 7

combination of carbohydrates and proteins; generally used for cellular id

Question 8

integral protein

Answer 8

protein integrated into the membrane structure

Question 9

peripheral protein

Answer 9

protein at the plasma membrane’s surface either on its exterior or interior side

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

the maintenance of the same internal state when the external is changing

the cell membrane maintains homeostasis by being semi-permable

• cells needs to get rid of wastes while keeping other molecules in

Question 11

structure of the cell membrane

Answer 11

• phospholipid bi-layer
  
  • the phosphate heads are hydrophilic
  • the lipid tails are hydrophobic
• a fluid mosaic model
  
  • it is fluid and has no defiant shape
  • has components like proteins and cholesterol

Question 12

passive transport

Answer 12

the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy (atp)

Question 13

channel proteins

Answer 13

• allows specific ions or molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 14

carrier proteins

Answer 14

• binds to specific molecules, facilitating their transport across the membrane by a change in protein shape

Question 15

aquaporin

Answer 15

• facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane (only water)

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

movement of particles/molecules from a higher concentration to an area of lesser concentration

• passive transport
• particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution
• occurs until equilibrium is reached
  
  • a state of balance, when the solute concentrations are equal

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier/channel proteins

• required no energy

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

the diffusion of water molecules

• water molecules move from a area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 19

hypotonic solutio

Answer 19

a solution whose the solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell

• water will move into of the cell
• if an animal cells gets too much water, the cell will swell and burst
  
  • cytosis: when the cell swells and the pressure bursts, cell death

Question 20

hypertonic solution

Answer 20

a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell

• water will move out of the cell

Question 21

isotonic solutions

Answer 21

a solution whose solute concentration outside of the cell is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell

• cells are in equilibrium
• concentrations will not change, but materials will still move in and out of the cell

Question 22

turgor pressure

Answer 22

the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall, caused by a plant cell in a hypotonic solution

Question 23

turgid

Answer 23

the state of a plant cell in a hypotonic environment high turgor pressure, swollen as from a fluid

Question 24

plasmoysis

Answer 24

when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution; plant wilts, detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall

Question 25

flaccid

Answer 25

the state of a plant cell in an isotonic environment, low turgor pressure, not firm

Question 26

active transport

Answer 26

the movement of substances across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient, reuires the cell to use energy (atp)

Question 27

ion channels

Answer 27

pumps working against electrochemical gradients

Question 28

endocytosis

Answer 28

taking molecules or ions in through the use of a vesicle

Question 29

exocytosis

Answer 29

releasing molecules or ions from a vesicle to the outside of the cell