Who decides how long a second is?

Question 1

gather

/ˈɡæð.ər/

verb

Answer 1

to understand or believe something as a result of something that has been said or done

Researchers from around the world gathered to answer a long-running scientific question

Question 2

pendulum

/ˈpen.dʒəl.əm/

noun

Answer 2

con lắc

The swing of a pendulum

Question 2

precise

/prɪˈsaɪs/

adjective

Answer 2

exact and accurate

But how precise are those measurements?

Question 3

ancient

/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

adjective

Answer 3

of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time

Ancient civilizations measured time with unique calendars that tracked the steady march of the night sky

Question 4

globe

/ɡləʊb/

noun

Answer 4

quả địa cầu

The Gregorian calendar began to spread across the globe

Question 5

colonialism

/kəˈləʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/

noun

Answer 5

chủ nghĩa thực dân

The Gregorian calendar began to spread across the globe alongside British colonialism

Question 6

revolution

/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/

noun

Answer 6

a circular movement

The Gregorian calendar defined a day as a single revolution of the Earth about its axis

Question 7

axis

/ˈæk.sɪs/

noun

Answer 7

trục

The Gregorian calendar defined a day as a single revolution of the Earth about its axis

Question 8

railway

/ˈreɪl.weɪ/

noun

Answer 8

đường sắt

It wasn’t until society became interconnected through fast-moving railways that cities needed to agree on
exact timekeeping

Question 9

timekeeping

/ˈtaɪmˌkiː.pɪŋ/

noun

Answer 9

the ability to arrive at a place at the time expected

It wasn’t until society became interconnected through fast-moving railways that cities needed to agree on
exact timekeeping

Question 10

consist of something

/kənˈsɪst/

phrasal verb

Answer 10

to be made of or formed from something

An atom consists of negatively charged
electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus at a consistent frequency

Question 11

orbit

/ˈɔː.bɪt/

verb

Answer 11

to follow a curved path around a planet or star

An atom consists of negatively charged
electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus at a consistent frequency

Question 12

consistent

/kənˈsɪs.tənt/

adjective

Answer 12

always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way

An atom consists of negatively charged
electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus at a consistent frequency

Question 13

frequency

/ˈfriː.kwən.si/

noun

Answer 13

tần số

An atom consists of negatively charged
electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus at a consistent frequency

Question 14

mechanic

/məˈkæn.ɪk/

noun

Answer 14

cơ học

The laws of quantum mechanics keep these electrons in place

Question 15

expose

/ɪkˈspəʊz/

verb

Answer 15

to remove what is covering something so that it can be seen

You expose an atom to an electromagnetic field such as light or radio waves

Question 16

orientation

/ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/

noun

Answer 16

hướng

You can slightly disturb an electron’s orientation

Question 17

disturb

/dɪˈstɜːb/

verb

Answer 17

to move or change something from its usual position

You can slightly disturb an electron’s orientation

Question 18

tweak

/twiːk/

verb

Answer 18

to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more correct, effective, or suitable

Question 19

vibration

/vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

noun

Answer 19

rung động

If you briefly tweak an electron at just the right frequency, you can create a vibration that resembles a ticking
pendulum

Question 20

resemble

/rɪˈzem.bəl/

verb

Answer 20

to look like or be like someone or something

If you briefly tweak an electron at just the right frequency, you can create a vibration that resembles a ticking
pendulum

Question 21

vaporize

/ˈveɪ.pər.aɪz/

verb

Answer 21

làm bay hơi

Researchers vaporize the atoms, converting them to a less interactive and volatile state

Question 22

volatile

/ˈvɒl.ə.taɪl/

adjective

Answer 22

likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, especially by getting worse

Researchers vaporize the atoms, converting them to a less interactive and volatile state

Question 23

remarkable

/rɪˈmɑː.kə.bəl/

adjective

Answer 23

unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning

This process doesn’t slow down the atom’s remarkably fast
ticking

Question 24

oscillate

/ˈɒs.ɪ.leɪt/

verb

Answer 24

to move repeatedly from one position to another

Some atoms can oscillate over nine billion times per second

Question 25

conference

/ˈkɒn.fər.əns/

noun

Answer 25

hội nghị

Question 26

satellite

/ˈsæt.əl.aɪt/

noun

Answer 26

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